Design and Application of Forest Detecting Based on Airborne Large-Footprint LiDAR System

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2018.04.020

Abstract

Abstract:

LiDAR(Light Laser Detection and Ranging)are drawing more attention with its unique penetration for the detection of large areas of forest.Based on the large-footprint LiDAR system designed by Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning of State Forestry Administration and Beijing Telemetry Technology Research Institute,this paper introduced the working principle of the system,module composition,equipment installation,parameter design,data processing,etc.,and one flight test data of the system was analyzed.The results show that the waveform data obtained through this system can describe buildings,farmland and forest accurately.In addition,compared with the data collected by the small-footprint LiDAR,the overall average accuracy is 89.24%,which proves this system has a high precision in the description of maximum crown height.The result of paired sample T test with no significance of difference also proves the data obtained through the system has a unique performance of estimation in maximum canopy height of the forest.Therefore,the large-footprint LiDAR system can be used to estimate large areas of forest for maximum height,average height,crown density,biomass,volume,leaf area index and a series of forest parameters in the detection of forest in the future.

Key words: forestry, airborne, large-footprint LiDAR, design, application, maximum height

CLC Number:

S771.8

WU Fayun, GAO Xianlian, PAN Chao, SUN Zhongqiu, WANG Lidong, LIU Yingchun. Design and Application of Forest Detecting Based on Airborne Large-Footprint LiDAR System[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2018, (4): 125-132.

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设备	指标名称	设计值	实测值
激光器	发射波长	1064 nm	1064.1 nm
	能量@1 064 nm	2 mJ	2.03 mJ
	发散角	5 mrad	X=5.06mrad;
			Y=5.12mrad
	脉宽	1.5 ns	1.57 ns
	重频	40 Hz	40 Hz
	M2	X≤3	X=2.954
		Y≤3	Y=2.736
望远镜	口径	100 mm	100 mm
	视场角	6 mrad	6 mrad
接收系统	滤光片带宽(FWHM)	10 nm,透过率≥0.7	设计保证
	探测器光敏面直径	0.8 mm	设计保证
	探测器带宽	≥100 MHz	112.5 MHz
	探测器	APD	设计保证
电子系统	采样率	1 GHz	1 GHz

指标名称	设计值
传感器分辨率	10328×7760(8000万Pixel)
动态范围	>72db
像元尺寸	5.2μm
成像传感器大小	53.7mm×40.4mm
画幅宽高比	4∶3
感光度范围(ISO)	35~800
快门速度	1/1600 s
相机镜头焦距	50mm,f/4.0
相机镜头视场角	56.5°×44°
数据接口	USB 3.0
最小拍照间隔	1.8s
数据存储	1TB SSD固态硬盘,机身内置CF卡、内置UDMA6和UDMA7

指标名称	设计值
稳定范围(方位、俯仰轴)	≥±8deg
最大角速度(方位、俯仰轴)	≥50deg/s
最大角加速度(方位、俯仰轴)	≥200deg/s²
动态误差(方位、俯仰轴)	0.08deg(3deg,3Hz)
自动置平模式时竖直偏差	<0.01deg
有效负荷	50kg

指标名称	设计值
采样率	200Hz
位置精度	≤1.0m(DGPS组合),≤0.3m(后处理);
水平、俯仰姿态精度	≤0.008°(DGPS组合),≤0.005°(后处理)
航向精度	≤0.1°(DGPS组合),≤0.008°(后处理)

大光斑号	大光斑估测值	小光斑估测值	差值	精度
5798	15.31	13.20	-2.11	0.84
5818	17.51	14.40	-3.11	0.78
5838	19.31	21.90	2.59	0.88
5858	19.67	16.50	-3.17	0.81
5878	17.22	15.30	-1.92	0.87
5898	16.75	20.10	3.35	0.83
5918	17.67	16.05	-1.62	0.90
5938	19.97	19.50	-0.47	0.98
5958	19.21	22.50	3.29	0.85
5978	20.20	17.40	-2.80	0.84
5998	14.12	16.20	2.08	0.87
6018	19.71	21.00	1.29	0.94
6038	19.54	16.35	-3.19	0.80
6058	19.37	22.05	2.68	0.88
6078	24.26	25.95	1.69	0.93
6098	21.73	19.80	-1.93	0.90
6118	24.14	26.25	2.11	0.92
6138	25.43	25.20	-0.23	0.99
6158	23.31	26.70	3.39	0.87
6178	23.15	25.50	2.35	0.91
6198	24.50	24.00	-0.50	0.98
6218	25.99	24.30	-1.69	0.93
6238	24.97	27.30	2.33	0.91
6258	24.57	25.20	0.63	0.98
6278	25.50	24.60	-0.90	0.96
6298	23.62	25.65	2.03	0.92
6318	25.25	28.50	3.25	0.89
6338	20.97	23.40	2.43	0.90
6358	18.78	15.90	-2.88	0.82
6378	20.22	23.10	2.89	0.88