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Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Organic Carbon in Typical Vegetation in the Qilian Mountains JIANG Shengxiu, ZHAO Peng, ZHANG Junnian, LI Delu, LIU Zixi Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.001 Abstract （359）   HTML （26）    PDF （1521KB）（199）       Knowledge map    Save By exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in the typical vegetation of the Qilian Mountains,we aimed to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the carbon sequestration effects of forest soil in the region.Using converted cultivated land as a control,five typical vegetation types were studied:grassland,natural trees(Picea crassifolia,Sabina przewalskii),artificial trees(Larix gmelinii)and shrub.Soil organic carbon content,organic carbon density,soil grades,pH,electrical conductivity,total nitrogen,total potassium,and total phosphorus were measured at depths of 0-100 cm compare and analyze the distribution differences and main influencing factors of organic carbon components in different vegetation soils.Results showed:1)The average soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density under different vegetation types were as follows:P.crassifolia(5.99 g/kg,3.43 kg/m2,respectively)>S.przewalskii(5.59 g/kg,2.76 kg/m2,respectively)>L.gmelinii(2.91 g/kg,2.16 kg/m2,respectively)>shrub(1.83 g/kg,2.08 kg/m2,respectively)>grassland(1.66 g/kg,2.00 kg/m2,respectively)>abandoned lands(1.16 g/kg,1.33 kg/m2,respectively).2)With soil layer deepening,the overall organic carbon content of different vegetation soils tended to decrease,while the density of soil organic carbon showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.3)In the 0-100 cm soil layer,the soil C/N content of different vegetation types ranged from 9.30 to 15.73,with mean values as follows:P.crassifolia(14.96)>grassland(11.66)>abandoned land(11.54)>shrub(10.83)>L.gmelinii(10.69)>S.przewalskii(10.63).4)Organic carbon and total nitrogen content in different vegetation types showed a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01),and a highly significant or significant positive correlation with total phosphorus,clay,and silt(P<0.01,P<0.05),a highly significant or significant negative correlation with sand content(P<0.01,P<0.05),and a significant negative correlation with pH(P<0.05).Thus the soil organic carbon retention capacity of natural trees in the Qilian Mountains is superior.Future carbon sequestration forestry construction should consider factors affecting soil organic carbon and prioritize dominant vegetation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biodiversity Conservation and Practice in National Wetland Park—A Case Study of Xixi National Wetland Park HU Xinting, YUAN Jun, CHENG Yonqquan, GUO Fengyi, YUAN Weiying, LI Gang, YANG Yongfeng Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 133-140.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.016 Abstract （273）   HTML （10）    PDF （1015KB）（995）       Knowledge map    Save China established its first National Wetland Park in 2005.As an indispensable component of wetland protection system in China,national wetland parks have significantly contributed to biodiversity conservation over the past two decades.This study examines the significant challenges national wetland parks face in current biodiversity conservation and outlines key strategies for biodiversity conservation planning.Taking Xixi national wetland parks as a case study,it demonstrates specific practices in biodiversity conservation,particularly in rare and endangered species conservation,watershed biodiversity demonstration and nature education.This study proposes strategies for the key directions of biodiversity conservation in national wetland parks,which include protecting and restoring the biological baseline resources of wetlands,wild plant and animal habitat restoration,establishing information system for wetland sensing and monitoring,and promoting scientific and rational utilization of biological resources.These strategies aim to facilitate the development of national wetland park and enhance the quality of wetland biodiversity conservation in the new era. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Forest Fire Risk Zoning Based on MaxEnt Model—A Case Study of Yantai Yellow and Bohai Seas New Area LI Jie, CHAO Bixiao, YAN Yuqian, JIANG Fan, ZHANG Dawei, SUN Yongkang, ZOU Quancheng Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 8-16.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.002 Abstract （242）   HTML （16）    PDF （2259KB）（167）       Knowledge map    Save Forest fires are sudden and destructive natural disasters influenced by various factors such as meteorology,terrain,vegetation,and human activities.The establishment of a forest fire risk zoning is essential for effective prevention and controlling forest fires,which is of great significance for carrying out related work in the future.As a machine learning method,MaxEnt has gained widespread domestic and international usage in predicting probabilities of occurrences and identifying zoning of forest fire risk due to its demonstrated high accuracy.Yantai Yellow and Bohai Seas New Area,located at the junction of Jiaodong Peninsula and Yellow and Bohai Seas has a developed economy,high population density,and significant human impact on forests,making it representative of forest fire prevention efforts in China.This study took Yantai Yellow and Bohai Seas New Area as an example and utilized MaxEnt to predict the probability of forest fire occurrence and delineate forest fire risk zoning based on historical fire incident data,as well as dominant environmental variables such as meteorology,topography,land cover types,and socio-economic factors.The research findings indicate that:1)Dominant tree species(group)and population density have significant impacts on forest fire occurrence;2)In Yantai Yellow and Bohai Seas New Area,the areas with high,medium,and general risk levels are similar in size.High-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the southwestern mountainous region,while general-risk areas are primarily found along the northeastern coast.Through verification,this study's results have shown a high level of accuracy and can provide a methodological exploration for subsequent national forest fire risk zoning. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Volume Estimation Method of High Canopy Density Pinus massoniana Forest Based on UAV Image LUO Yaopei, LI Heping, YANG Guangbin, CEN Gang, LI Man, CAO Qianyang, WANG Renru, CHEN Panfang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 68-79.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.009 Abstract （215）   HTML （8）    PDF （13227KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reduce the cost of traditional field investigation and improve the efficiency of high canopy density forest resource investigation,multi-spectral UAV images combined with field sample survey data were used as the source data,and the Pinus massoniana pure stand was used as the research object.The stand stock volume in the study area was estimated by using the canopy height model(CHM)and six vegetation indices from multi-spectral images.The results show that:1)The assistance of a high-resolution digital elevation model can effectively compensate for the defect that UAV images can not extract ground points from in dense forests,improve the accuracy of CHM construction,and achieve accurate extraction of tree height in dense forests.2)When CHM was used to extract the tree height of a single tree in the study area and estimate the volume,292 Pinus massoniana were extracted from the plot,and the average tree height was 18.77 m.A total of 18 120 Pinus massoniana were extracted from the subcompartment area,and the average tree height was 17.02 m.The measured average tree height was 18.17 m.The average tree height extraction effect was good.The estimated volume was 7 466.74 m3,the measured volume was 9 024.40 m3,and the accuracy of the estimation was 82.90%.3)The RMSE of the vegetation index model is 0.39,R2=0.84,and the accuracy of the model is high.The volume is estimated to be 8 620.30 m3,and the estimation accuracy is 96.26%.By using UAV remote sensing technology,both of the two stock volume estimation methods can achieve rapid estimation of stock volume in high-canopy density forests.Among them,the effect of estimating stock volume by extracting vegetation index from multi-spectral data is better.This provides a strong scientific basis for further promotion and application of UAV images in surveys of forest resources with high canopy density. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamics of Change in Age Group Structure of Arbor Forests in Zhejiang Province Based on Continuous Inventory Data TANG Yanglong, LI Mengting, TAO Jixing Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 26-33.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.004 Abstract （204）   HTML （15）    PDF （1186KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the data from successive national forest resources inventories and annual monitoring of provincial forest resources in Zhejiang Province during 1979-2019,we analyzed the changes in the age group structure of arbor forests in Zhejiang Province over the past 40 years and predicted the development in the next 10 years by adopting methods such as statistical comparisons,analysis of the balance rate,and projections of area transfer.The results show that:1)During the 40 years,the changes in the age group structure of arbor forests in Zhejiang Province can be obviously divided into two phases.From 1979 to the end of the 20th century,there was a period of rapid growth in the area of arbor forests,and the age group equilibrium rate increased from 0.464 to 0.546,and the optimization of the age group structure was not the main successional feature;after entering the 21st century,the area of arbor forests was stagnant,and the age group equilibrium rate increased from 0.546 to 0.758,the optimization of age group structure has become the main successional feature;2)The age group structure of arbor forests in Zhejiang Province is now close to an ideal state,with the potential for forest resources to be fully cultivated,and it is predicted that it will reach an ideal state by 2029;3)At present,the arbor forests in Zhejiang Province have the problem of the overall age complementary effect of the stand,which means a relatively young age of one species and the relatively old age of another.It should be noted that the overall better age structure of the stand may mask the uneven age structure of individual species.Based on the current status of the age structure of arbor forests in Zhejiang Province and the target orientation of sustainable management,measures to optimize the age structure are proposed,with a view to promoting the improvement of the quality of forest resources and the capacity of carbon sequestration and sink enhancement. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Spatial Distribution Pattern of Chunia bucklandioides in Jianfengling Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park ZHANG Shunwei, LI Jinghan, YANG Xiaobo, LI Donghai, HUANG Yao, DU Chunyan, SHANG Naiyan Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 17-25.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.003 Abstract （201）   HTML （4）    PDF （1560KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save Chunia bucklandioides has been listed in key protected wild plants of national importance Class II,with a small population and narrow distribution.Studying the population characteristics and distribution of Chunia bucklandioides is of great significance for protecting the ecological environment and realizing the sustainable development of this species.The present research was conducted with Chunia bucklandioides in the Jianfengling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.The diameter class was used to represent age class,and Chunia bucklandioides forest were divided into four age classes(I,II,III,IV).The pairwise correlation function g(r) was used to analyze the spatial distribution and correlation of different age classes of Chunia bucklandioides.The results showed that:1)The population of Chunia bucklandioides showed a pseudo-stable increasing trend,which could only survive but hard to expand its population size;2)The population of Chunia bucklandioides showed aggregated distribution at the small scale,and as the scale increased,the most of population developed into evenly distribution,while others showed random or aggregated;3)Individuals in different age classes were all aggregated at the small scale,and individuals in Class I and Class II showed a greater aggregation degree than others.As the scale increased,some age classes showed regular distribution and eventually evolved into random distribution;4)The germination and regeneration of Chunia bucklandioides mainly relied on individuals of Class III and Class IV,and the dependence of germinating individuals on the mother tree was Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ.Therefore,in the future,the main focus of conserving of the Chunia bucklandioides population should be on protecting the mother tree,appropriately intercutting budding seedlings around the mother tree and removing small plants near the budding seedlings of fallen branches.Additionally,live seedlings should be relocated for conservation as a means of expanding and conserving the wild population of Chunia bucklandioides. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Legal Regulation of Forestry Carbon Ticket in China under the Twin Goals of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality JING Zhen, ZHANG Xin Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.001 Abstract （197）   HTML （18）    PDF （965KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save Forestry carbon ticket is a novel approach to realizing the value of forestry carbon sink projects and encouraging progress toward the twin goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.In the context of advancing green development,it examines the current status and necessity of regulating forestry carbon ticket in China,drawing insights from the legal practices observed in Sanming City,Fujian Province,and similar regions.Additionally,an analysis is conducted to identify the practical challenges inherent in the forestry carbon ticket system.Under the policy objective of actively and prudently advancing carbon peak and carbon neutrality,the legal regulation of forestry carbon tickets in China is essential.The usufruct attribute of forestry carbon tickets related to carbon emission reduction is clarified.Moreover,this framework can contribute to the establishment of a supervisory system for multi-subject collaboration,ensuring the orderly development of the forestry carbon ticket market,and fostering the creation of a beautiful China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Implementation Effectiveness of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 DENG Haoyu, SONG Yulan, CHEN Tong, WANG Rui Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 9-17.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.002 Abstract （197）   HTML （7）    PDF （1090KB）（115）       Knowledge map    Save The implementation of the Three-North(i.e.,Northeast China,North China and Northwest China)Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 has yielded significant results,and the dynamic evaluation of the implementation effect of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program at this stage facilitates precise measurement of future objectives and tasks focus.By applying dynamic weighting and normal cloud models,we constructed a multi-level indicator system to comprehensively evaluate the implementation effect of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020,and selected the grey system prediction model to accurately predict the first-level effect response index from 2024 to 2028.The results show that:1)The response indexes for project objectives,benefits,and sustainability show a steady upward trend,of which the largest increase is the index of project benefits,and the smallest increase is the index of project objectives.2)The overall evaluation of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 is positive,which indicates that the project's comprehensive benefits are significant in this period.3)The comprehensive evaluation and prediction results for the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2024 to 2028 show a consistent upward trend in both project goal and sustainability indices.Focusing the evaluation on project objectives,benefits,and sustainability,the index system for evaluating the implementation effect of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 has been enhanced and refined. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial Distribution Patterns and Landscape Characteristics of Caragana korshinskii Groves in the Kubuqi Desert AN Da, WANG Haibing, BAI Yunfei, LI Siqi, ZHANG Xue, XU Guangfu Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 43-50.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.006 Abstract （194）   HTML （9）    PDF （1858KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save Revealing the distribution and landscape characteristics of shrub resources in the Kubuqi Desert is of great significance to optimize the distribution structure of shrub resources in the region,increase the effectiveness of their protection and utilization,and solidify the effectiveness of sand control and prevention.Based on GF-2 remote sensing images,DEM,temperature,precipitation and other data,geospatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the distribution status and landscape characteristics of Caragana groves in the Kubuqi Desert.The results show that:1)the number of Caragana grove patches in the Kubuqi Desert is about 22 000,with a total area of about 21 000 hm2,accounting for 1.49% of the area of the Kubuqi Desert.Hangjin Banner has the most Caragana grove patches and Dongsheng District has the least;mobile sandy land has the most patches and saline land has the least.The patches are mostly distributed in the area of elevation 984-1 093 m,and the number of Caragana grove patches decreases with the increase of elevation;with the increase of temperature and precipitation,the number of patches increases,and the area with annual precipitation 309-356 mm is the most.2)The landscape pattern of different regions of the Kubuqi Desert is related to the terrain and geomorphology,temperature and precipitation,Caragana grove plantation type,and the desertification control effect.The northern region has low elevation,saline and alkaline land,belongs to the edge of Kubuqi Desert expansion,and is dominated by continuous sand prevention and sand blocking Caragana groves,the southern region has high elevation and low temperature,the main focus is on wind and sand control forests and soil and water conservation forests.,the western region has low elevation,flowing sandy land,arid climate,and belongs to desert grassland belt,and is dominated by natural dispersed Caragana groves,and the eastern region has good hydrothermal conditions,which is more distributed in areas of returning cultivated land to forests and on both sides of the roads.The Kubuqi Desert should strengthen the protection and restoration of Caragana groves in the western part of the desert,update the planting pattern of aged and degraded Caragana groves in the northern part of the desert in order to enhance its stability,and continue to increase the planting area of Caragana groves in the eastern part of the desert,where there are significant hydrothermal advantages,so as to supply sufficient forestry and grassland resources for Caragana grove industry development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Health Assessment System of Forest Shelterbelts in Yulin Sandy Region of Mu Us Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process QIAO Yi’na, CAO Shuangcheng, SHI Mengdi, DANG Hongzhong, QIN Yuqian, ZHAO Xiaobin, GAO Rong, SHI Changchun Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 109-115.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.013 Abstract （186）   HTML （5）    PDF （998KB）（119）       Knowledge map    Save It is significant for the scientific protection of forest shelterbelts and the formulation of sustainable management measures for forest shelterbelts.This can be achieved by researching and establishing health quality standards as well as assessment systems of forest shelterbelts,studying the health status of the forest area in the Yulin sandy region of Mu Us,and reasonably evaluating the health of the forest shelterbelts.Different types of forest shelterbelts in the Yulin sandy region of Mu Us were studied by using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Cluster Analysis to construct a health assessment system.The results show:1)The forest shelterbelt health assessment indicator system in Yulin sandy region of Mu Us is divided into 5 levels,including health(0.70~1.00),micro degradation(0.60~<0.70),mild degeneration(0.50~<0.60),moderate degradation(0.40~<0.50),Severe degradation(0~<0.40).2)According to analysis and assessment,the result shows the relatively bad health status of forest shelterbelts in the Yulin sandy region,which is belonged to the mild degeneration and moderate degradation.It is recommended to strengthen the management and protection of forest shelterbelts in the Yulin sandy region and reduce human and animal damage.This will achieve sustainable development and utilization of the forest shelterbelt in the Yulin sandy region of Mu Us. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services Vlaue in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve LIU Bingcang, YANG Haijiang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 18-24.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.003 Abstract （182）   HTML （8）    PDF （1361KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save The assessment of forest ecosystem service value and its changes is of great practical significance for the protection and management of forest ecosystems,and can provide a reference for achieving regional economic-social-ecological synergistic development.Based on remote sensing data and related mapping data,the ecosystem service value(ESV)accounting method was used to assess the forest ecosystem service function of Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve and identify its hotspots of change from 1980 to 2020.The results show that:1)Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve is rich in forest resources,with a total forest area of about 636 600 hm2 and a forest coverage rate of 14.44%.Over time,the overall area has shown an increasing trend over the past 40 years,with a total increase of about 11,300 hm2 and a growth rate of 1.81%.2)The forests in the reserve possess great ecosystem service value,and from the perspective of time change,the ESV increased from 45 444 000 000 Yuan to 60 628 000 000 Yuan from 1980 to 2020,with a growth rate of 33.41%,which has shown an obvious increasing trend.From the perspective of the ESV contribution of different ecosystem types,forested land>shrubland>thin forest land>other forest land.In terms of specific ecosystem service values,soil conservation>water conservation>flood storage>tourism and cultural services>carbon sequestration>windbreaks and sand solidification>forest product production.3)Based on the prediction of hotspot areas of ecosystem service function and value change in the reserve,the value of regulating services is extremely vulnerable to the ecosystem change.The hotspot areas for the value change of provisioning services and cultural services remain stable in general,while areas prone to decrease account for 44.21% of the total protected area,which requires close attention.The results of the study provide important scientific insights for forest ecosystem assessment in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inversion of Main Tree Species’ Volume in Hainan Based on Airborne LiDAR Point Cloud Data LI Jie, LIU Xiaotong, GAO Jinping, FU Anmin, WU Fayun Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 25-32.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.004 Abstract （169）   HTML （6）    PDF （965KB）（97）       Knowledge map    Save The accurate estimation of forest volume is the basis for improving the level of sustainable forest management.Based on the airborne laser point cloud data,49 laser point cloud feature variables were generated.Combined with the ground survey sample data,three methods of fixed parameter,Pearson screening,and stepwise regression screening were used to screen out the independent variables used for modeling,and then linear and nonlinear regression fitting was used to establish the accumulation models of the three main tree species in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.The results show that:1)Among the linear and nonlinear models of the three tree species(Acacia confusa,Hevea brasiliensis, Eucalyptus robusta),the accuracy of the optimal models was above 0.83 with A.confusa and E.robusta having better nonlinear models,and H.brasiliensis having a better linear model.2)The height class variable has the greatest influence on the accumulation model.The intensity and density of the laser point cloud have a greater influence on the accumulation model,and the coverage class variable also has some influence.The structural parameters obtained from airborne LiDAR data play an important role in modeling,and can be popularized and used in related operational work in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Mixed Betula luminifera and Phyllostachys edulis with Different Proportions on the Growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata after Thinning SUN Kun, WU Dayu, SUN Honggang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 124-132.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.015 Abstract （169）   HTML （5）    PDF （1329KB）（101）       Knowledge map    Save Scientifically reasonable mixed planting can restore soil fertility,enhance forest productivity,improve low-quality and low-efficiency forests,and achieve scientifically efficient management of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations.By conducting forest thinning in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations,mixed forests can be created with different proportions of Cunninghamia lanceolata and other species such as Betula luminifera or Phyllostachys edulis.This includes combinations with ratios of Cunninghamia lanceolata to Betula luminifera or Betula luminifera at 1∶1,2∶1,and 3∶1,respectively.The objective is to investigate the effects of mixed planting on the growth characteristics and functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata individuals.The results indicate that:1)Compared to pure forests,mixed planting increases the intensity of competition among trees.Additionally,the competition intensity between Cunninghamia lanceolata and Betula luminifera in mixed forests is lower than that between Cunninghamia lanceolata and Phyllostachys edulis.2)Mixed planting of Cunninghamia lanceolata with Betula luminifera and Phyllostachys edulis both increase the leaf area index(LAI)of Cunninghamia lanceolata.3)With the increase in Cunninghamia lanceolata retention density,the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and organic matter in the soil decrease.Compared to pure forests,mixed planting leads to a decrease of available nitrogen content in the soil but an increase in available phosphorus.4)As the retention density of Cunninghamia lanceolata increases,the individual tree volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata decreases,while the total stand volume increases in contrast.In Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forests with Betula luminifera and Phyllostachys edulis,both the individual tree volume and the stand volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata are higher than those in pure forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata alone.In Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forests with Betula luminifera,the individual tree volume and stand volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata are similarly greater than those in mixed forests with Phyllostachys edulis.5)The Hegyi competition index shows a highly significant negative correlation with the individual volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata(P<0.01);the individual volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata is significantly positively correlated with leaf area(P<0.05);available phosphorus is highly significantly positively correlated with individual volume and stand volume(P<0.01),and soil organic matter content is significantly positively correlated with stand volume(P<0.05).Based on the above findings,Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forests with Betula luminifera are superior to those with Phyllostachys edulis in various aspects.Additionally,when the ratio of Cunninghamia lanceolata to Betula luminifera is 1∶1,it has the best promoting effect on the individual growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata,which is beneficial for cultivating large-diameter Cunninghamia lanceolata and improving stand quality.At the same time,attention should be paid to stand yield.When the ratio of Cunninghamia lanceolata to Betula luminifera is 3∶1,the stand volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata is maximized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Characteristics and High-Quality Development Strategies of the Pearl River Delta Forest City Agglomeration Construction CHEN Han, YANG Kailiang, WANG Jie, QIN Lihou Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 149-154.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.018 Abstract （168）   HTML （5）    PDF （1441KB）（148）       Knowledge map    Save The forest city agglomeration is a creative mode that has been explored during rapid ecological development of urbanization.The forest city agglomeration of the Pearl River Delta has a good construction base.However,it still has some issues,such as the fragmentation of ecological patches and weak greening between urban and rural areas.There is an urgent need for the region to mitigate ecological issues and improve ecological quality.Based on the background of national forest city agglomeration and forest city construction,this paper analyzes the development foundation and characteristics of forest city agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta.According to the characters of nine forest cities and regional ecological issues,the high-quality development strategy of forest city agglomeration in the region is discussed.Forest city agglomeration construction is an effective way to improve the ecological situation of a certain region.The construction of the Pearl River Delta forest city agglomeration is a case study for the movement and construction of other regional forest agglomerations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Individual Tree Segmentation Algorithm of Pinus MassonianaForest Based on Fusion Point Cloud Data LI Wei, WANG Xiaohong Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 92-100.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.011 Abstract （166）   HTML （5）    PDF （3512KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save LiDAR technology has a great advantage in forest resources investigation,but the data collected by a single platform often has scanning blind spots,which makes it difficult to obtain complete forest structure information.For this reason,we take the Pinus massoniana forests as the research object and explore the suitability algorithm for individual tree segmentation of Pinus massoniana forests based on fusion point cloud data.We first proposed a method for fusing forest-sample point cloud data.Then,we adopted the marker-controlled watershed algorithm,distance-based clustering algorithm,and the layer stacking algorithm for the Pinus massoniana forests for individual tree segmentation.Finally,tree heights were extracted to verify the applicability of the fusion point cloud for estimating forest structural parameters.The experimental results are as follows:1)The proposed fusion point cloud method can effectively fuse airborne lidar point cloud and hand-held lidar point cloud with a registration error of 0.054 m.2)Among the three tree segmentation algorithms,the marker-controlled watershed algorithm has the highest segmentation accuracy,with an overall accuracy of 0.88,which is higher than the distance-based clustering algorithm and the layer stacking algorithm.3)The extracted tree height of individual tree segmented using the marker-controlled watershed algorithm has an R2 of 0.983 7 and an RMSE of 0.759 6 m based on the fusion point cloud data,which is a significant improvement in accuracy compared to single point cloud data.The results of the study can provide technical support for the application of multi-source LiDAR in forestry field and the management of forest resources in Pinus massoniana forests. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Plant Water Use Efficiency of Different Intercropping Patterns in the Karst Area of the Lijiang River Watershed TAO Wanglan, HUANG Fuzhao, LI Jianxing, WANG Zhiying, LUO Ting, LU Fang, LI Xiankun Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 34-42.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.005 Abstract （163）   HTML （5）    PDF （1186KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save Water is an essential factor limiting plant growth in Karst regions,so understanding the water relationships among different interspecific plants combinations in various intercropping patterns is important.To explore the plausibility of selecting of major non-woord tree species and medicinal plants,this study measured the stable carbon isotope composition of plant leaves in Prunus salicina-based on intercropping patterns and analyzed plant water use efficiency(WUE)to investigate the stability and plausibility of intercropping patterns.The results showed that the δ13C values and WUE of the six plantsleaves range from -31.6‰ to -28.7‰ and 20.56 to 37.94 μmol/mol,respectively.The rankings of δ13C and WUE were as follows:Illicium difengpi>P.salicina>Semiliquidambar cathayensis>Rubus chingii>Hypericum monogynum>Polygala fallax.It can be seen that I.difengpi,P.salicina,and S.cathayensis were more suitable for planting in Karst arid habitats,followed by R.chingii and H.monogynum,but P.fallax was not suitable for planting in such conditions.The WUE of P.salicina was significantly higher than that of the medicinal understory plants in the P.salicina+H.monogynum,P.salicina+P.fallax,and P.salicina+R.chingii,which exhibited significant differences in species fitness,indicated lower intercropping patterns stability.The P.salicina+S.cathayensis+I.difengpi had the highest WUE,and no significant differences in WUE were observed among the three tree species.This indicates their comparable fitness and stable coexistence.As a result,this intercropping patterns is considered an ideal model for agroforestry integration in the Karst region of the Lijiang River Watershed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth Model of Carbon Storage in Pinus tabuliformis Plantation Based on National Forest Inventory Data GAO Yonglong, LAI Guanghui, WANG Yuerong, WANG Huan, ZHANG Yiming, SHI Shaowei, ZHANG Lianjin Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 79-87.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.010 Abstract （156）   HTML （2）    PDF （1257KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save National forest inventory data are important resources for understanding the dynamics of forest carbon cycling at regional and global scales.Developing growth models of carbon storage has a great importance in practice,which can provide a decision-making basis for promoting high-quality development of forestry and grassland industry,and implementing the carbon emission peak and carbon neutralization strategy.Based on the carbon storage dataset of 780 sample plots from the ninth national forest inventory of China,the growth model of carbon storage for Pinus tabuliformis plantation was developed by using a weighted nonlinear regression method.And the effects of two climate factors:Mean annual temperature(MAT)and mean annual precipitation(MAP)on carbon storage growth were analyzed by using a variable parameter method.The results showed that:1)The mean prediction error(MPE)of growth models of carbon storage for P.tabuliformis plantation was less than 5%,and the total relative error(TRE)was approximately less than 1.00%.2)The age of inflection point and quantitative maturity were 30 years and 53 years,respectively,when the current annual increment and average increment of carbon storage reached a maximum of 1.19t/hm2 and 0.94 t/hm2,respectively.3)The MAP had an impact on the growth process of carbon storage and the capacity of carbon sequestration for P.tabuliformis plantation,and the degree of its impact varied in different MAP levels and variation.The carbon storage gradually decreased with the decrease of MAP,and the annual mean of carbon storage decreased by approximately 3.64%for the P.tabuliformis plantation,when the MAP decreased by every 100 mm.It is essential to employ scientific management strategies to fully explore and develop the carbon sequestration potential of P.tabuliformis plantation.The change pattern of carbon storage with forest age at different MAP levels is an important basis for determining a reasonable management cycle of P.tabuliformis plantation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Tending Cutting on Phosphorus Content in Mixed Forest of Vernicia montana and Phoebe bournei in Fujian Province ZHENG Lingyu, LI Weihuang, XU Bingyan, WANG Yingzi, HONG Tao Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 59-67.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.008 Abstract （152）   HTML （6）    PDF （2112KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save The disturbance mechanism of phosphorus dynamic structure by tending cutting in the mixed forest of Vernicia montana and Phoebe bournei was clarified,providing a basis for the scientific management of soil phosphorus in this forest.Total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in soil and total phosphorus in branches,leaves,stems and roots of five year old Vernicia montana and Phoebe bournei from Fanqiao State-owned Forest Farm,Nanping,were determined.The impact of tending cutting on phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil and vegetative organs was studied.The results show that:1)Rhizosphere phosphorus enrichment was evident in both Vernicia montana and Phoebe bournei.Total phosphorus and available phosphorus levels in the rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than in non-rhizosphere soil before and after tending cutting(P<0.05).Tending cutting increased total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil(P<0.05).At a depth of 0-15 cm,rhizosphere soil phosphorus levels increased with depth for both species.2)Vernicia montana had higher total phosphorus and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil at different soil depths compared to Phoebe bournei before and after tending cutting.After tending cutting,both total phosphorus content difference and available phosphorus content difference of rhizosphere soil increased at different soil depths of Vernicia montana and Phoebe bournei.The content of total phosphorus in branches,leaves,stems and roots of Vernicia montana and Phoebe bournei were increased by tending cutting.The content of total phosphorus in branches,leaves,stems and roots of Vernicia montana was higher than that of Phoebe bournei before and after tending cutting.3)Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil and total phosphorus in roots and leaves of Vernicia montana and Phoebe bournei(P<0.05),as wll as a significant positive correlation between total phosphorus in roots and total phosphorus in leaves(P<0.05).Tending cutting increased phosphorus content in vegetative organs and rhizosphere soil,with little effect on non-rhizosphere soil phosphorus.It promotes phosphorus activation and absorption in the rhizosphere soil of both.The effect of tending cutting on Vernicia montana was greater than on Phoebe bournei.The Vernicia montana root system is more developed than that of Phoebe bournei,granting it a stronger ability of soil phosphorus activation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of Net Photosynthetic Rate of Larix gmelinii to Physiological and Ecological Factors in Different Phenophases GUAN Lei, ZHANG Xin, ZHANG Qiuliang, JIAN Ya’nan, ZHANG Yongliang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 101-108.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.012 Abstract （149）   HTML （5）    PDF （2136KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save Studying the changes in the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of Larix gmelinii in different phenophases and identifying its main influencing factors can help to elucidate the process and mechanism of carbon assimilation of Larix gmelinii.The LI-6400XT portable photosynthetic measurement system was used to measure the net photosynthetic rate,leaf temperature(Tleaf),stomatal conductance(GS),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content(LChl),nitrogen content(LN),photosynthetic active radiation(PAR),air temperature(Ta),atmospheric CO2 concentration(Ca) and vapor pressure deficit(VPD)of Larix gmelinii natural forest in the leaf opening period(LOP),leaf spreading period(LSP) and leaf discoloring period(LDP).Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to systematically study the variation characteristics of Pn in different phenophases of L.gmelinii and its relationship with physiological,ecological factors and material content.The results showed that:1) The order of Pn of Larix gmelinii was LSP>LDP>LOP,upper leaves>middle leaves>lower leaves,and the difference was significant;sun leaves>shade leaves,the difference was not significant.2) Pn was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with PAR,Ta,Tleaf and GS,and significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with Ci in different phenophases of L.gmelinii.3) The response of Pn of Larix gmelinii to physiological and ecological factors was dissimilar in different phenophases and at different canopy heights.The main control factors were PAR,Ta and GS.In addition,it was also affected by Tleaf,VPD and Ci.There were significant differences in the net photosynthetic rate of L.gmelinii natural forest in different phenophases and at different canopy heights.When estimating carbon flux,the relative contribution of net photosynthetic rate of leaves at different canopy heights should be considered. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deffects of Biochar Application and Nitrogen Reduction on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristic of Phoebe bournei YANG Ling, CHEN Zetao, CHEN Jiaxian, CHEN Zhufeng, ZENG Shucai, HE Qian, SU Yan, QIU Quan Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 116-123.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.014 Abstract （141）   HTML （2）    PDF （2664KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the effects of biochar application and nitrogen reduction on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Phoebe bournei seedlings,four treatments were set up in a pot experiment,such as blank control(CK),conventional nitrogen application(F1),biochar application with 20% nitrogen reduction(F2B1)and biochar application with 40% nitrogen reduction(F3B2).After six months of treatment with F2B1 and F3B2,compared with CK,the results demonstrated that the plant height increased by 11.5% and 19.5%,respectively,and the ground diameter increased by 7.5% and 9.1%,respectively.The total leaf length of F1,F2B1 and F3B2 treatments was 10.1%,26.1% and 24.9% longer than that of CK,respectively.The same trend was observed for total leaf area,which was significantly higher than CK for all three fertilization treatments.However,there was no significant difference between the leaf shape coefficients.The results of photosynthetic physiological parameters revealed that the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and stomatal conductance(Gs) were markedly enhanced in F2B1 and F3B2 treatments compared to CK.There was no significant effect on water use efficiency.There was a significant positive association between plant height,ground diameter,and leaf net photosynthetic rate.Both F2B1 and F3B2 treatments could promote plant growth and photosynthesis.Among them the F3B2 treatment had better effects on plant height,net photosynthetic rate,and stomatal conductance.This study could serve as a framework for determining the ideal ratio of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar application when cultivating P.bournei seedlings. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics