Current research status and development trend on improved varieties and new varieties in China's forest and grass field

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Forest varieties and new varieties of grass and plant are the core driving force for forestry development,and have important strategic significance in promoting seed industry safety,forestry technology innovation and industrial upgrading,meeting diversified needs,and enhancing international competitiveness.We summarized the progress and achievements of forest varieties and new varieties of grass and plant in China in recent years,including logical relationship,approval(identification) of forest varieties,authorization of new varieties of grass and plant,technical support system,promotion and application,cooperation and exchange.From four dimensions of efficient utilization of germplasm resources,regional development balance,optimization of genus(species) structure,and main body cooperation mechanism,we analyzed the shortcomings and deficiencies in the current forest varieties and new varieties of grass and plant in China.The measures and suggestions are proposed to cultivate cutting-edge breeding technologies,build resource sharing platforms,breed multifunctional varieties,and create a supply chain system,in order to provide scientific basis and practical path for promoting the high-quality development of China's forest seedlings and forestry industry.

Key words: forest varieties, forestry, variety approval, variety identification, new varieties of grass and plant, breeding

CLC Number:

S326

JIANG Guobin, CAO Fuliang. Current research status and development trend on improved varieties and new varieties in China's forest and grass field[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2025, (2): 34-48.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab.1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.2

Fig.3

Tab.3

Composition of plant genus(species) approved for forest varieties in China in 2017—2024

序号	植物属(种)	审定数量/件	占比/%	序号	植物属(种)	审定数量/件	占比/%
1	杨属(Populus)	16	9.14	27	西桦(Betula alnoides)	2	1.14
2	杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)	15	8.57	28	台湾相思(Acacia confusa)	2	1.14
3	苹果(Malus pumila)	15	8.57	29	紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)	2	1.14
4	桑(Morus alba)	12	6.86	30	大岛樱(Prunus speciosa)	1	0.57
5	葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	11	6.29	31	丁香属(Syringa)	1	0.57
6	胡桃(Juglans regia)	8	4.57	32	槐(Styphnolobium japonicum)	1	0.57
7	栗(Castanea mollissima)	6	3.44	33	花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)	1	0.57
8	沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)	6	3.44	34	黄槽竹(Phyllostachys aureosulcata)	1	0.57
9	山桃(Prunus davidiana)	6	3.44	35	梨属(Pyrus)	1	0.57
10	木樨榄(Olea europaea)	6	3.44	36	落羽杉(Taxodium distichum)	1	0.57
11	枣(Ziziphus jujuba)	6	3.44	37	毛花猕猴桃(Actinidia eriantha)	1	0.57
12	南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)	4	2.30	38	美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides)	1	0.57
13	榛(Corylus heterophylla)	4	2.30	39	木荷(Schima superba)	1	0.57
14	火炬松(Pinus taeda)	3	1.71	40	欧洲云杉(Picea abies)	1	0.57
15	梅(Prunus mume)	3	1.71	41	枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)	1	0.57
16	美味猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis var.deliciosa)	3	1.71	42	忍冬(Lonicera japonica)	1	0.57
17	欧李(Prunus Chinensis var.humilis)	3	1.71	43	杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)	1	0.57
18	楸(Catalpa bungei)	3	1.71	44	湿地松×加勒比松(Pinus elliottii×P.caribaea)	1	0.57
19	油茶(Camellia oleifera)	3	1.71	45	勃氏甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii)	1	0.57
20	白桦(Betula platyphylla)	2	1.14	46	尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)	1	0.57
21	美国山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)	2	1.14	47	乌哺鸡竹(Phyllostachys vivax)	1	0.57
22	红花玉兰(Yulania sprengeri‘Wufengensis Group’)	2	1.14	48	杏(Prunus armeniaca)	1	0.57
23	毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)	2	1.14	49	樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus)	1	0.57
24	泡桐(Paulownia)	2	1.14	50	柚木(Tectona grandis)	1	0.57
25	柿(Diospyros kaki)	2	1.14	51	皂荚(Gleditsia sinensis)	1	0.57
26	文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bung)	2	1.14		合计	175	100.00

Tab.3

Fig.4

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维度	林木良种	林草植物新品种
核心属性	推广应用许可	知识产权
选育目的	实用性	创新性
审定标准	《林木品种审定规范》^[6]	《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例》^[8]
一致性要求	依类型而定	品种内个体间高度一致性
管理架构	林业行政主管部门	多部门协调
适用对象	以用材林、生态林为主	涵盖所有林草植物(含观赏、经济类)
保护期限	通过审定的品种长期有效,经认定的品种通常为5~10年	藤本植物、林木、果树和观赏树木为25年,其他植物为20年
法律效力	审定后可推广	授权后享有独占权
制度范围	国内制度	国际制度
管理级别	两级管理(国家级、省级)	单级管理(国家级)
应用场景	生产推广	丰富种质资源