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The Development Experiences of the Flower Industry in the Netherlands and Its Implications for China XIANG Yue, LIU Ping Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (4): 164-170.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.04.018 Abstract （679）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1153KB）（1432）       Knowledge map    Save The flower industry,as a burgeoning sector that contributes to China's rural revitalization efforts,plays an important role in promoting economic prosperity,enhancing social well-being,and strengthening the construction of ecological civilization.It is currently at a key turning point,transitioning from high-speed development to high-quality development,while facing major challenges such as an incomplete industrial chain,weak quality supervision,low levels of scientific and technological innovation,and insufficient policy support.The Netherlands,as a global leader in the flower industry,offers advanced development practices and successful experiences that are highly relevant for promoting the sustainable growth of China's flower industry.This paper summarizes the current situation and successful experience of the Netherlands flower industry,and proposes development strategies for China's flower industry.By accelerating the optimization and upgrading of the flower industry,improving the quality management system,strengthening scientific and technological support,and enhancing government support,China's flower industry can achieve high-quality,sustainable development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Survey and Analysis of Bird Diversity in The Erguna Wetland,Inner Mongolia WANG Qiyuan, JI Penghao, XUE Lei, GAO Runhong Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 66-76.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.008 Abstract （812）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1598KB）（1291）       Knowledge map    Save In the spring,autumn and winter of 2022,a survey of bird diversity was carried out in Erguna wetland by using line transect method and site sampling method. 1)A total of 14 139 birds and 115 species belonging to 19 orders and 40 families were recorded. 2)There were 78 species of Palaearctic,Holoearctic and Northeast type,accounting for 67.83% of the total species. 3)In terms of bird fauna,Palearctic species and widespread species are the main species,and in terms of resident types,summer migratory birds,resident birds and travelers are absolutely superior. 4)There are 39 species of protected birds,including 6 species under national priority protection,26 species under national secondary protection,24 species of birds listed in CITES Appendix II and 2 species listed in CITES Appendix I. 5)In terms of bird ecological types,songbirds had the largest number of species(57 species),but a small number(575),while swimming birds and wading birds had a total of 35 species(13 468 species),accounting for 95.25% of the total number of birds in this survey. 6)There were seasonal dynamic differences in bird community composition,with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index in autumn and the lowest in spring,and the lower Sorensen index among different seasons. 7)The composition of bird community was greatly affected by habitat types. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were the highest in forest shrub,the lowest in farmland,and the Sorensen index among different habitat types was low. The results of the survey reflect the status quo of bird resources in Erguna wetland,and can provide a reference for the management and protection of birds in the reserve. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics and discussion on protection and management strategies of ancient and notable trees in China JIANG Chunying, SUN Zhichao, YU Shiyong, HOU Chuncai, YANG Xueqing Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2025, 0 (1): 6-16.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.01.002 Abstract （495）   HTML （110）    PDF（pc） （1447KB）（1241）       Knowledge map    Save To gain an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of ancient and notable tree resources in China,based on the data from the second national census of ancient and notable tree resources,this study analyzes the quantity,types,spatial distribution,growth characteristics,and health status of ancient and notable trees,and explores the multiple challenges faced by current protection management in terms of responsibility awareness,ownership management,ecological protection,and technological application.The results showed that there are a total of 5.0819 million ancient and notable trees in China,including 1.2213 million scattered ancient and notable trees,belonging to 2553 species of 608 genera in 157 families,mainly distributed in Northern China and southern regions.The ownership is mostly collective,with the majority being third-grade ancient trees.The tree height is concentrated between 10-20 m,the chest circumference is concentrated between 100-300 cm,and the crown width is concentrated between 5-20 m.There is a significant correlation between the growth potential of ancient trees and their growth environment.Under the current situation,in order to better protect ancient and notable tree resources,it is necessary to further optimize management strategies,implement graded and classified protection,improve financial support,establish a sound legal and educational system,and promote technological empowerment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Soil Moisture and Carbon-Nitrogen Content on the Productivity of Flat Stubble Caragana korshinskii Forest in the Northwestern Shanxi Sandstorm Region XUE Yue, ZHAO Fengxia, LI Yajie, JI Wenxia, MENG Dan Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 56-65.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.007 Abstract （449）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （2992KB）（947）       Knowledge map    Save Since the implementation of the Three-North(i.e.,Northeast China,North China and Northwest China)Shelterbelt Forest Program,Caragana korshinskii forest has become a crucial ecological barrier for wind prevention and sand fixation in the northwestern Shanxi sandstorm region.Therefore,investigating the impact mechanisms of soil moisture and carbon-nitrogen content on the aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)of Caragana korshinskii under stubble disturbance is vital for local artificial vegetation construction and regional ecological stability.In this study,flat stubble Caragana korshinskii in its first-year in the northwestern Shanxi sandstorm region was used as the research object.Independent sample T-tests,linear regression models,and random forest models were employed to study the changes in productivity of flat stubble Caragana korshinskii and the effects of soil moisture and soil carbon-nitrogen content at different radial distances and soil layers on this productivity.1)The ANPP of the un-flat-stubble Caragana korshinskii was significantly higher than that of the flat stubble Caragana korshinskii 20~<40 cm (P<0.01).Soil moisture content at depth and 0.25 m from the stem(R2=0.456,P=0.016),soil total nitrogen content at 40~<60 cm(R2=0.363,P=0.038)and soil moisture content at depth and 0.5 m from the stem(R2=0.465,P=0.015)were significantly positively correlated with the productivity of flat stubble Caragana korshinskii forest.2)The random forest model results indicated that the most important soil limiting factor affecting ANPP changes after stubble disturbance was soil moisture content at 20~<40 cm depth and 0.5 m from the stem.The study suggests that future management of Caragana korshinskii forests should focus on soil moisture and carbon-nitrogen content at 20~<60 cm soil depth in root-dense areas,particularly the response of soil moisture at the 20~<40 cm soil layer to ANPP.This approach will optimize the restoration strategy of Caragana korshinskii forests in the northwestern Shanxi sandstorm region and enhance the sustainability of the ecological functions of the Three-North Shelterbelt Program. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Generalized Additive Model Based on Meteorological Factors in Forest Fire Prediction in Fujian Province CHEN Guofu, LI Chunhui, CHEN Zhenxiong Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (4): 94-102.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.04.011 Abstract （361）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1800KB）（833）       Knowledge map    Save Predicting forest fire occurrences is crucial for fire prevention and management.This study used historical forest fire and meteorological data from Fujian Province(from 2010 to 2020)to apply the Logistic Regression Model and Generalized Additive Model(GAM)with six types of smooth spline bases[Gaussian Process Smoothing Spline Basis(GP),Cubic Regression Spline Basis(CR),Thin Plate Regression Spline Basis(TP),Duchon Spline Basis(DS),B-Spline Basis(BS),and P-Spline Basis(PS)]to predict forest fire occurrences.By comparing the performance of these models,their effectiveness in forest fire prediction was evaluated.The results indicate the following.1)The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 74.80% on the training set and 75.97% on the test set,demonstrating its baseline performance.Overall,the predictive accuracy of the GAM was generally superior to that of the Logistic Regression Model,with the TP spline basis-based GAM performing the best.Its accuracy on the training and test sets was improved by 3.86% and 2.52%,respectively,compared to the logistic regression model.2)Based on the optimal GAM,the forest fire risk levels in Fujian Province are delineated.The results revealed that areas with moderate to high fire risk are primarily concentrated in the northwest and southeast regions,while the Western and Eastern regions exhibit low fire risk.GAM arebetter at capturing complex nonlinear relationships,making them suitable for predicting forest fire occurrences in complex ecological environments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Leaf Functional Traits of Lianas in Maolan Karst Forest CHEN Chunwu, BAI Xiaolong, CHEN Hongyan, LI Wangjun Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (6): 107-116.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.06.013 Abstract （600）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2144KB）（807）       Knowledge map    Save Revealing the adaptation strategies of liana leaf in karst rocky desertification habitats could provide basic data and theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction of rocky desertification areas.In this study,leaf samples of 8 common liana species in the Maolan Karst rocky desertification habitat were gathered to evaluate their morphological,anatomical,and elemental composition indices.The characteristics of the intraspecific and interspecific variations in leaf traits of lianas were analyzed,and the resource strategies adopted under the karst rocky desertification habitats were further explored.1)Various degrees of intraspecific and interspecific variations were present in leaf morphological,anatomical,and chemical element traits.The intraspecific variation ranged from 0.07% to 34.56%,whereas interspecific variation spanned from 4.30% to 70.05%.2)Leaf nitrogen content was significantly positively correlated with phosphorus content and potassium content,and phosphorus content was significantly positively correlated with potassium content.3)Principal component analysis showed that species with higher specific leaf area,nitrogen content,phosphorus content,and magnesium content,such as Rubus alceifolius,Parthenocissus semicordata,Berchemia floribunda and Callerya cinerea,were clustered on the negative correlation side of the first principal component,tending to adopt a resource acquisition strategy.While species with higher thickness of various leaf tissues,calcium content,carbon-to-nitrogen ratio,and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio,such as Rosa laevigata,Elaeagnus bockii,Smilax china and Bauhinia curtisii,were clustered on the positive correlation side of the first principal component,suggesting a resource conservation strategy.Overall,the study highlighted significant intraspecific and interspecific variability in leaf morphological,anatomical,and chemical traits within the karst rocky desertification context.Notable correlations among different traits were identified,with species exhibiting similar leaf trait syndromes adopting analogous resource strategies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Forest Disturbance Detection in Mountainous Areas Based on SAR and Optical Data Fusion WANG Bo, CHEN Yonggang, YAN Yanting Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 60-69.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.008 Abstract （784）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （4571KB）（769）       Knowledge map    Save Efficient forest disturbance detection methods can prevent and mitigate forest disasters in time and protect the ecosystem.To address the issue of forest interference in mountainous areas,which is often affected by terrain when integrating multi-source data,this study develops a slope direction classification algorithm to delineate the detection area.This mitigates the effect of terrain relief on the radar rate of change(RCR).A novel forest disturbance detection method was proposed on the basis of the fusion of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)and optical satellite data,utilizing an enhanced RCR approach with NDVI time series.The results were as follows:1)The enhanced RCR methodology markedly expands the detection area 19.48% through the slope classification method,encompassing a greater scope of interference areas and enhancing the detection accuracy.2)The overall detection accuracy based on the fusion data of SAR and optical satellite is 89.24%,which is 11.11% and 13.32% higher than that of SAR and optical satellite with only a single sensor.Compared with the single-sensor method,this research method can obtain rich,continuous detection information under different time and weather conditions,and it has greater potential and advantages in improving the detection capability of forest disturbance,which can provide more comprehensive and accurate information support for forest resource management and ecological protection in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Inversion of Main Tree Species’ Volume in Hainan Based on Airborne LiDAR Point Cloud Data LI Jie, LIU Xiaotong, GAO Jinping, FU Anmin, WU Fayun Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 25-32.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.004 Abstract （548）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （965KB）（758）       Knowledge map    Save The accurate estimation of forest volume is the basis for improving the level of sustainable forest management.Based on the airborne laser point cloud data,49 laser point cloud feature variables were generated.Combined with the ground survey sample data,three methods of fixed parameter,Pearson screening,and stepwise regression screening were used to screen out the independent variables used for modeling,and then linear and nonlinear regression fitting was used to establish the accumulation models of the three main tree species in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.The results show that:1)Among the linear and nonlinear models of the three tree species(Acacia confusa,Hevea brasiliensis, Eucalyptus robusta),the accuracy of the optimal models was above 0.83 with A.confusa and E.robusta having better nonlinear models,and H.brasiliensis having a better linear model.2)The height class variable has the greatest influence on the accumulation model.The intensity and density of the laser point cloud have a greater influence on the accumulation model,and the coverage class variable also has some influence.The structural parameters obtained from airborne LiDAR data play an important role in modeling,and can be popularized and used in related operational work in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Predicting the Probability of Tropical Forest Fires in Hainan Island Based on Random Forest Model CHEN Xiaohua, CHEN Zongzhu, YANG Qingqing, LEI Jinrui, WU Tingtian, LI Yuanling, PAN Xiaoyan Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (6): 140-145.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.06.016 Abstract （551）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1335KB）（743）       Knowledge map    Save In the context of global climate change,the forest fire prevention situation on Hainan Island is becoming increasingly severe,and it is urgently needed to analyze the driving factors of tropical forest fires on Hainan Island and build a strong predictive model that is applicable.Utilizing historical forest fire data compiled by the forestry department from ground surveys and MOD14A fire detection,a comprehensive dataset was established for Hainan Island.This dataset was combined with climate,vegetation,topography,and human activity data to construct a predictive model using the random forest methodology.1)The average monthly temperature is the most influential factor on forest fire risk in Hainan Province,followed by the average monthly precipitation.2)Comparative model analysis shows the random forest model,with an AUC value of 1,outperforms the geographically weighted logistic regression model,which has an AUC value of 0.88,indicating that the random forest model is more suitable for predicting the probability of tropical forest fires on Hainan Island than the geographically weighted logistic regression model.3)The spatial distribution of forest fire risk on Hainan Island mainly occurs in the west.This study believes that the random forest model is more applicable than the geographically weighted logistic regression model in building a predictive model for tropical forest fire risk. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Vegetation Community Characteristics in Hungou Area of Lishan National Nature Reserve WANG Gangshi, ZHANG Haijun, WANG Zhimin, JIA Zefan Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 144-152.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.018 Abstract （505）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1996KB）（737）       Knowledge map    Save Mastering the characteristics of vegetation communities in the Hungou area can provide a reference for the deeper research into forest community succession law and internal mechanism in Hungou,and provide a scientific basis for the study of the protection of zonal forest in the warm temperate zone.Using the method of route survey and sample survey,the community types were determined by important values.The species composition,floristic characteristics and community characteristics of the Hungou area in Lishan National Nature Reserve were studied and systematically analyzed and the spatial pattern of vegetation communities,such as vertical distribution and slope distribution was analyzed.The results showed that:1)There were 443 species of vascular plants in the study area,belonging to 93 families and 267 genera.2)The distribution types of seed plant families can be divided into 10 types.The distribution types of genera can be divided into 14 types,and the distribution types of species can be divided into 11 types.It is divided into 6 groups of vegetation type,9 vegetation types,28 formations and 43 associations.3)Zonal vegetation is broad-leaved forest in the warm temperate zone,but plant communities with subtropical components are scattered.The research results have preliminarily grasped the characteristics of vegetation communities in the Hungou area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Assessment and Analysis of Carbon Storage in Aksu Kekeya Ecosystem Based on the InVEST Model ZHANG Zhaoxiang, LUO Qinghong, HE Miao, NING Husen, ZHANG Zhijun, BAO Qiang, SUN Qian Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 148-156.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.016 Abstract （549）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2205KB）（707）       Knowledge map    Save Ecosystem carbon storage is a key indicator of ecosystem function and plays a crucial role in maintaining regional carbon balance,guiding ecological restoration,and informing management strategies.This study aims to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon storage in the Kekeya ecosystem and compare carbon storage across different ecosystem level susing 2020 land use data,forest inventory data,and standard plot survey data.Carbon storage in the Kekeya engineering area was assessed using the carbon module of the InVEST model.1)The total carbon density of the Kekeya engineering area is 71.76 t/hm2,with total carbon storage 8.27×106 t.Carbon storage across ecosystem levels is distributed as follows:soil carbon storage(6.16×106 t)>underground biological carbon storage(1.12×106 t)>above-ground biological carbon storage(9.64×105 t)>dead organic carbon storage(2.59×104 t).Carbon storage by land types is as follows:Forest land(6.21×106 t)>cultivated land(9.82×105 t)>grassland(5.56×105 t)>construction land(3.69×105 t)>unused land(1.07×105 t)>water area(4.32×104 t).2)Carbon storage in the Kekeya engineering area is spatially uneven,with the central,eastern and southeast regions exhibiting the highest storage,shows moderate storage,and the southwestern region has the lowest.Aboveground carbon storage in Kekeya engineering area is strongly positively correlated with the underground biomass layer and the soil carbon.The carbon storage within 60 cm of soil layer in the Kekeya engineering area are 6.16×106 t,accounting for 74.49% of the total carbon storage in the Kekeya ecosystem.Soil carbon is the main carbon pool in the Kekeya engineering area.Future ecological restoration efforts should prioritize expanding forested land and protecting cultivated land to enhance ecosystem stability and health in the Kekeya region.This approach provides valuable insights for designing ecological restoration projects in the Tarim River Basin. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Impact of Digital Economy on Forestry Green Total Factor Productivity MEI Yuntian, WANG Wenqi, ZOU Quancheng, CHAO Bixiao, CHEN Jiayu, FENG Tianchu, LI Xiaoliang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.001 Abstract （567）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （926KB）（689）       Knowledge map    Save The integration of digitalization and ecological practices is an important strategic choice for forming new quality productivity in forestry.This article is based on the perspective of achieving the country’s goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060,and green development of the forestry industry.Based on panel data from 2011 to 2020 among Chinese provinces,the study assesses the comprehensive impact of the digital economy on Forestry Green Total Factor Productivity(FGTFP)across different regions.Panel regression and threshold effect models were used to analyze the impact and mechanism of the digital economy on FGTFP.The findings indicate a significant enhancement of FGTFP attributable to the digital economy,particularly pronounced in the central and eastern provinces and regions benefiting from robust financial backing for forestry initiatives.Mechanism analysis shows that the digital economy effectively improves FGTFP by promoting regional forestry technology innovation.In the threshold test,the development level of the Internet has a triple threshold.The digital economy has a significant nonlinear impact on improving regional FGTFP through different levels of Internet development.This impact shows a pattern of initial increase followed by a decline in marginal returns.Based on the research results,it is further suggested that the government should actively promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the forestry industry,improve the level of forestry technology innovation,increase financial support for forestry,guide local forestry to carry out digital reform according to local conditions,pay attention to the efficiency of forestry digital element allocation,and improve the synergy level between the digital economy and the green development of forestry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services Vlaue in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve LIU Bingcang, YANG Haijiang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 18-24.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.003 Abstract （986）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （1361KB）（627）       Knowledge map    Save The assessment of forest ecosystem service value and its changes is of great practical significance for the protection and management of forest ecosystems,and can provide a reference for achieving regional economic-social-ecological synergistic development.Based on remote sensing data and related mapping data,the ecosystem service value(ESV)accounting method was used to assess the forest ecosystem service function of Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve and identify its hotspots of change from 1980 to 2020.The results show that:1)Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve is rich in forest resources,with a total forest area of about 636 600 hm2 and a forest coverage rate of 14.44%.Over time,the overall area has shown an increasing trend over the past 40 years,with a total increase of about 11,300 hm2 and a growth rate of 1.81%.2)The forests in the reserve possess great ecosystem service value,and from the perspective of time change,the ESV increased from 45 444 000 000 Yuan to 60 628 000 000 Yuan from 1980 to 2020,with a growth rate of 33.41%,which has shown an obvious increasing trend.From the perspective of the ESV contribution of different ecosystem types,forested land>shrubland>thin forest land>other forest land.In terms of specific ecosystem service values,soil conservation>water conservation>flood storage>tourism and cultural services>carbon sequestration>windbreaks and sand solidification>forest product production.3)Based on the prediction of hotspot areas of ecosystem service function and value change in the reserve,the value of regulating services is extremely vulnerable to the ecosystem change.The hotspot areas for the value change of provisioning services and cultural services remain stable in general,while areas prone to decrease account for 44.21% of the total protected area,which requires close attention.The results of the study provide important scientific insights for forest ecosystem assessment in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Impact of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil in the Wind-sand Inflow Section of the Hobq Desert HAO Siran, MENG Zhongju Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 96-105.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.011 Abstract （893）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （1967KB）（623）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the influence of sandy vegetation restoration on the properties of wind-sand soil,which is crucial for the rational conservation and adaptive management of regional soil and water resources.The research focuses on four typical communities of artificial vegetation communities in the Hobq Desert sand inflow section:18-year-old Corethrodendron scoparium forest(HB),Salix matsudana+Populus simonii+Caragana korshinkii+Elaeagnus angustifolia mixed forest(HYNZ),Populus simonii+Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.mixed forest(YS),Populus simonii+Salix psammophila mixed forest(YL).The differences in soil properties under the four vegetation restoration types were comparatively analyzed through the combination of in situ sampling in the field and indoor laboratory tests.1)By planting artificial vegetation,the content of fine particulate matter of soil under different vegetation restoration types was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the content of coarse sand particles was decreased.2)Soil pH under different vegetation restoration types was decreased by 0.18~0.83.The effect of the four vegetation types on the electrical conductivity showed that HB>YL>HYNZ>YS.3)Soil bulk density significantly decreased under all vegetation restoration types (P<0.05),with the most considerable change observed in the surface layer.4)After vegetation restoration,soil nutrients were improved to different degrees. There was an obvious epimerization characteristic. The increase of mixed forests was higher than that of Corethrodendron scoparium fores. Artificial vegetation restoration promotes soil recovery in the Hobq Desert sands inlet section by developing fine-grained soil structures and enhancing soil nutrient cycling. Based on the prevailing soil and water resources,it is recommended to construct a protective vegetation system with a diverse array of arboreal and herbaceous species,which is more conducive to the long-term restoration of the regional ecosystem in the Hobq Desert region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Regularity and Physiological Characteristics of Leaf Color Change During the Growth Period of Quercus mongolica YUAN Yangchen, PANG Jiushuai, YU haidong, ZHANG jiang, CHEN huimin, ZHANG bingying, LIU jialin, HUO wei Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 116-127.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.013 Abstract （624）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3280KB）（583）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigates the alterations in physiological substances during the leaf coloration of Quercus mongolica,aiming to provide foundational data for breeding new varieties and enriching the genetic resources of colored-leaf tree species.Using young leaf stage(S1),green leaf stage(S2-S4),color changing stage(S5),and red leaf stage(S6)leaves as test materials.Measurement of changes in leaf pigments,leaf color parameters,osmoregulatory substances,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),antioxidant enzymes,and MDA at different stages.This study investigates the alterations in physiological substances during the leaf coloration of Q.mongolica,aiming to provide foundational data for breeding new varieties and enriching the genetic resources of colored-leaf tree species.1)During the color changing stage of leaves,the contents of chlorophyll decreased,while the content of carotenoids increased and anthocyanins accumulated in large quantities.Carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio and anthocyanin to chlorophyll ration showed an upward trend,while anthocyanin to carotenoid ratio showed little change.2)The leaf color parameter a* showed a significant upward trend,while L*,b*,and C first decreased and then increased.The color changing stage of hue(H)and saturation(s)values increased sharply,while hue angle(h)decreased significantly.3)The N and P contents of Q.mongolicum leaves decreased overall,while the proline content increased.The soluble protein content decreased during color changing stage,and soluble sugars increased.The change range of Peroxidase(POD) was small,while Superoxide dismutase(SOD) showed a gentle upward trend.Catalase(CAT)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels increased significantly during the color changing stage.4)Anthocyanins were highly significantly positively correlated with a*,and together they were highly significantly positively correlated with proline,anthocyanins to chlorophyll ratio.There was a significant positive correlation with MDA and SOD,a significant negative correlation with N,chlorophyll,and a negative correlation with P.5)Among the three principal components,principal component 1 had the highest eigenvalue and contribution rate,and the eigenvectors of anthocyanins to chlorophyll ratio are the largest.Chlorophyll degradation,anthocyanin accumulation,and a significant increase in the anthocyanin to chlorophyll ratio were identified as the primary physiological factors influencing the red coloration of Q.mongolicum leaves.During the color changing stage,the content of proline and soluble sugars increased,while the content of N and P decreased,and the content of MDA increased,and the activities of SOD and CAT were enhanced,synergistically promoting anthocyanin synthesis and leaf coloration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Impact of Fire Severity on Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Composition in Larix gmelinii Forests YANG Guang, WANG Xinyu, MA Yunjia, LIU Zhaoyan, WANG Lixuan, SUN Jian Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (6): 35-44.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.06.005 Abstract （587）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1386KB）（570）       Knowledge map    Save Understanding the response of soil microbial communities to fire severity in flat and sloping forests,as well as the factors influencing microbial composition in fire slash,is crucial for guiding ecological restoration efforts.The fire slash of Larix gmelinii forest after restoration for 1 year from low,medium and high severity fires in the Bilahe Forestry Bureau of Inner Mongolia were selected as research subjects.Using phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)analysis,soil microbial biomass and community composition were assessed at soil depth from 0 to 5 cm.Differences in soil microbial biomass,community composition and diversity in flat and sloping lands of different fire severities were analyzed.The combined effects of fire severity,slope,and soil nutrient indicators on soil microbial biomass were further explored by redundancy analysis(RDA)and structural equation modeling(SEM).1)Among microbial groups in both control plots and burnt areas,Gram-negative bacteria had the highest biomass,followed by Bacteria and Grampositive bacteria,then Fungi and Actinomycetes,and the smallest was Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi.2)The biomass of Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi was hardly affected by fire.Except for the Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi,the biomass of microbial groups and community diversity indices of flat soil increased but were insignificant after fire,while in sloping soils,microbial biomass increased significantly(P<0.05).Biomass and community diversity indices of soil microbial groupsinsloping soil were largest after low severity fires.The change of Grampositive bacterial biomass was the main driving force of the response of soil microbial community to fire severities in sloping land.3)Fire severity,slope,and soil nutrient indicators all significantly(P<0.01)affected the biomass of microbial groups,with the direct effect in the order of soil nutrient indicators,fire severity,and slope.Soil nutrient indicators of water-soluble organic carbon content were strongly and positively correlated with the biomass of fungi,and ammonium nitrogen content was positively correlated with the biomass of Gram-positive bacteria.Consequently,fire severity and slope not only have a direct effect on soil microbial biomass and community composition,but also have an indirect effect on the biomass of soil microbial groups by regulating soil nutrient indicators. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Legal Regulation of Forestry Carbon Ticket in China under the Twin Goals of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality JING Zhen, ZHANG Xin Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.001 Abstract （690）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （965KB）（569）       Knowledge map    Save Forestry carbon ticket is a novel approach to realizing the value of forestry carbon sink projects and encouraging progress toward the twin goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.In the context of advancing green development,it examines the current status and necessity of regulating forestry carbon ticket in China,drawing insights from the legal practices observed in Sanming City,Fujian Province,and similar regions.Additionally,an analysis is conducted to identify the practical challenges inherent in the forestry carbon ticket system.Under the policy objective of actively and prudently advancing carbon peak and carbon neutrality,the legal regulation of forestry carbon tickets in China is essential.The usufruct attribute of forestry carbon tickets related to carbon emission reduction is clarified.Moreover,this framework can contribute to the establishment of a supervisory system for multi-subject collaboration,ensuring the orderly development of the forestry carbon ticket market,and fostering the creation of a beautiful China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current situation and development suggestions on technical standards of forest management in China GUO Hong, LEI Xiangdong, WANG Xuejun Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2025, 0 (1): 17-25.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.01.003 Abstract （369）   HTML （90）    PDF（pc） （966KB）（564）       Knowledge map    Save Forest management technical standards have become a fundamental means of targeted improvement of forest quality.By reviewing the development process of forest management standards in China,we systematically summarized the main contents,characteristics,and changes of different types of forest management standards,including forest tending,logging and regeneration,stand transformation,forest management plan making,main tree species management techniques and proposes directions for further enriching and improving forest management standards.The results show that although China has initial specific systems for forest management technical standards,there are still some problems and challenges,such as being behind in standard formulation,insufficient coordination among standards,and poor implementation and enforcement.Therefore,it is urgent to strengthen the construction standard system,improve the practicality and operability of the standard,and constantly optimize the forest management technical standard system to better meet the needs of forest management and ecological protection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release Capacity of 12 Tree Species in Baotou City WU Le, GAO Runhong, HAN Shumin, JIA Kexin Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (6): 98-106.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.06.012 Abstract （1100）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1147KB）（550）       Knowledge map    Save Studying the photosynthetic characteristics,carbon fixation,and oxygen release capacity of tree species,along with screening the dominant species for carbon fixation and oxygen release,provides important guidance for the development of forestry carbon sinks and ecological environment construction.This study focused on 12 tree species that are predominant in Baotou City,and their photosynthetic physiological parameters were measured using a CI-340 portable photosynthesis system.Pearson correlation and systematic cluster analysis were used to explore the diurnal variation in the net photosynthetic rate of tree species and its relationship with environmental factors.Additionally,and the carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of tree species was evaluated.1)Among the 12 tree species,Ulmus pumila,Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv.and Picea asperata showed unimodal diurnal variation of the net photosynthetic rate.The bimodal tree species are Pinus tabuliformis,Populus simoniiand and Reaumuria songarica.2)Tree species with a single peak of water use efficiency were Picea asperata,Juniperus rigida and Pinus tabuliformis.The tree species with a bimodal type are Sorbaria sorbifolia;the tree species that decreased first and then increased were Ulmus pumila,Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.and Platycladus orientalis.3)The tree with the highest net photosynthetic rate was Ulmus pumila.while the shrub with the highest net photosynthetic rate was Tamarix chinensis.The tree with the strongest water use efficiency is Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.,and the shrub with the strongest water use efficiency is Caragana tibetica.4)Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with both transpiration rate and stomatal conductance.5)The carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of tree species in Baotou City can be classified into three grades according based on strength:Ulmus pumila and Populus simonii are grade I;Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.is grade II;and Picea asperata.,Platycladus orientalis,Pinus tabuliformis and Juniperus rigida are grade III.The carbon fixation and oxygen release capacities of shrub species were classified into three grades:Tamarix chinensis was grade I;Juniperus sabina and Sorbaria sorbifolia are grade II;and Reaumuria songarica and Caragana tibetica Kom.are grade III.It is recommended to select Ulmus pumila,Populus simonii and Tamarix chinensis as the preferred tree species for carbon fixation and oxygen release.In areas with poor water conditions,Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.,Picea asperata and Caragana tibetica are recommended. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Soil Physicochemical Properties and Plant Diversity Characteristics of Cupressus funebris with Different Stand Ages in Limestone Mountain Areas YANG Yuhao, WANG Lingling, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Quanzhi, SUN Hanjing, WANG Wenpeng, ZHOU Benzhi, WANG Zeng Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 106-115.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.012 Abstract （483）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （3212KB）（546）       Knowledge map    Save The investigation of the impact of Cupressus funebris forests of varying ages on soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity in limestone mountainous regions is of paramount importance for vegetation restoration in fragile ecosystems within rocky desertification zones.Focusing on Cupressus funebris forests in the limestone mountainous areas of Fuyang District,Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province,China,this study categorized the forests into control(limestone non-stocked land),young forests,middle-aged forests,and near-mature forests.Employing the space-for-time substitution method,along with Pearson correlation analysis and Redundancy Analysis(RDA),the study explored the influence of Cupressus funebris forests of different ages on soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity in limestone mountainous regions.1)The soil bulk density of Cupressus funebris forests of all ages was lower than that of non-stocked land,whereas the maximum water-holding capacity,capillary water-holding capacity,minimum water-holding capacity,and moisture content of the soil,were higher.Among them,middle-aged forests had the lowest soil bulk density and the highest water-holding capacity,while young forests had the highest moisture content.2)The soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents of Cupressus funebris forests of different ages were higher than those of non-stocked land,with middle-aged forests exhibiting the highest contents.3)The species richness of Cupressus funebris forests of all ages was higher than that of non-stocked land.Middle-aged forests exhibited the greatest species richness in both tree and herb layers,whereas young forests showed the greatest richness in the shrub layer.The Simpson dominance index of Cupressus funebris forests of all ages was higher than that of non-stocked land,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of young and middle-aged forests was significantly higher than that of non-stocked land.4)Correlation analysis and RDA indicated that pH was the primary factor influencing soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity in the region,followed by water-holding capacity,bulk density,moisture content,total phosphorus,and hydrolyzable nitrogen.In summary,the soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity of Cupressus funebris forests in limestone mountainous regions were significantly superior to those of non-stocked land,with middle-aged forests demonstrating the best overall performance.Cupressus funebris had a significant effect on improving soil in limestone mountainous regions,with effects varying by forest age. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）