库布齐沙漠风沙入河段不同植被恢复类型对土壤的影响

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确沙地植被恢复对土壤性质的影响,对于区域水土资源保护与适应性管理具有重要意义。选取库布齐沙漠风沙入河段人工恢复18 a花棒纯林(HB)、旱柳+小叶杨+柠条锦鸡儿+沙枣混交林(HYNZ)、小叶杨+樟子松混交林(YS)、小叶杨+沙柳混交林(YL)4种典型植被恢复类型,采用野外原位采样与室内化验方法对4种植被恢复类型下的土壤性质差异进行对比分析。结果表明:1)不同植被恢复类型下的土壤细颗粒物质含量显著增加(P<0.05),粗砂粒含量降低;2)不同植被恢复类型下的土壤pH值降低0.18~0.83,4种植被恢复类型对电导率的影响表现为HB>YL>HYNZ>YS;3)4种植被恢复类型的土壤容重均显著降低(P<0.05),其中土壤表层容重变化最为显著;4)植被恢复后,土壤养分均得到不同程度提高,且呈现明显的表聚性特征,整体上混交林的增幅高于花棒纯林。库布齐沙漠风沙入河段人工植被恢复对土壤修复效果明显,使土壤向细粒化方向发展,促进土壤养分循环。基于水土资源承载禀赋,乔灌混合配置的防护植被体系更有利于库布齐沙漠生态系统的稳定恢复。

关键词: 植被恢复, 防风固沙, 土壤养分, 库布齐沙漠

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of sandy vegetation restoration on the properties of wind-sand soil,which is crucial for the rational conservation and adaptive management of regional soil and water resources.The research focuses on four typical communities of artificial vegetation communities in the Hobq Desert sand inflow section:18-year-old Corethrodendron scoparium forest(HB),Salix matsudana+Populus simonii+Caragana korshinkii+Elaeagnus angustifolia mixed forest(HYNZ),Populus simonii+Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.mixed forest(YS),Populus simonii+Salix psammophila mixed forest(YL).The differences in soil properties under the four vegetation restoration types were comparatively analyzed through the combination of in situ sampling in the field and indoor laboratory tests.1)By planting artificial vegetation,the content of fine particulate matter of soil under different vegetation restoration types was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the content of coarse sand particles was decreased.2)Soil pH under different vegetation restoration types was decreased by 0.18~0.83.The effect of the four vegetation types on the electrical conductivity showed that HB>YL>HYNZ>YS.3)Soil bulk density significantly decreased under all vegetation restoration types (P<0.05),with the most considerable change observed in the surface layer.4)After vegetation restoration,soil nutrients were improved to different degrees. There was an obvious epimerization characteristic. The increase of mixed forests was higher than that of Corethrodendron scoparium fores. Artificial vegetation restoration promotes soil recovery in the Hobq Desert sands inlet section by developing fine-grained soil structures and enhancing soil nutrient cycling. Based on the prevailing soil and water resources,it is recommended to construct a protective vegetation system with a diverse array of arboreal and herbaceous species,which is more conducive to the long-term restoration of the regional ecosystem in the Hobq Desert region.

Key words: vegetation restoration, wind prevention and sand fixation, soil nutrients, Hobq Desert

中图分类号:

S714

郝斯然, 蒙仲举. 库布齐沙漠风沙入河段不同植被恢复类型对土壤的影响[J]. 林草资源研究, 2024,(5): 96-105.

HAO Siran, MENG Zhongju. Impact of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil in the Wind-sand Inflow Section of the Hobq Desert[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2024,(5): 96-105.

图/表 7

表1

表2

表3

图1

表4

图2

表5

参考文献 33

[1]	王博, 包玉海, 刘静, 等. 库布齐沙漠植被恢复对风沙土壤碳通量与碳储量的影响[J]. 土壤, 2022, 54(3):539-546.
[2]	李新荣, 赵洋, 回嵘, 等. 中国干旱区恢复生态学研究进展及趋势评述[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(11):1435-1443. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.11.001
[3]	朱震达. 中国沙漠化防治[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社,1999.
[4]	齐雁冰, 常庆瑞, 刘梦云, 等. 荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(3):180-185.
[5]	王睿, 杨国靖. 库布齐沙漠东缘防沙治沙生态效益评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(5):174-179.
[6]	王博, 段玉玺, 王伟峰, 等. 人工固沙区植被演替过程中土壤水分时空分异特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(4):881-889.
[7]	董智今, 展秀丽, 丁小花. 毛乌素沙地西南缘不同土地利用类型土壤颗粒分形特征[J]. 水土保持研究, 2022, 29(3):43-48.
[8]	袁媛, 张鹤, 武杼华, 等. 植被恢复对毛乌素沙地土壤pH和养分含量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2021, 52(1):148-156.
[9]	谭明亮, 段争虎, 陈小红. 流沙地恢复过程中土壤特性演变研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008(4):685-689.
[10]	齐雁冰, 常庆瑞. 高寒地区人工植被恢复对风沙土区土壤效应影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005(6):42-45.
[11]	YANG Yue, SUN Hong, HAN Yongjiao, et al. Effects of artificial vegetation restoration on soil physicochemical properties in Southern Edge of Mu Us Sandy Land[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2014, 15(4):648-652.
[12]	张立欣, 段玉玺, 王博, 等. 库布齐沙漠不同人工固沙灌木林土壤微生物量与土壤养分特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(12):3871-3880. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201712.003
[13]	顾梦鹤, 周立华, 王睿, 等. 防护林对库布其沙漠土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 53(5):646-651.
[14]	刘源, 李晓晶, 段玉玺, 等. 库布齐沙漠东部植被恢复对土壤生态化学计量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3):924-932. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.26
[15]	李天杰, 赵烨, 张科利, 等. 土壤地理学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,2003:36-38.
[16]	南京土壤研究所. 土壤理化分析[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[17]	鲍士旦主编. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[18]	GUAN Huiling, FAN Jiangwen. Effects of vegetation restoration on soil quality in fragile karst ecosystems of southwest China[J]. PeerJ, 2020,8:e9456.
[19]	柴华, 何念鹏. 中国土壤容重特征及其对区域碳贮量估算的意义[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(13):3903-3910.
[20]	张岩松, 雷泽勇, 于东伟, 等. 沙质草地营造樟子松林后土壤容重的变化及其影响因子. 生态学报, 2019, 39(19):7144-7152.
[21]	张静静, 刘尊驰, 鄢创, 等. 土壤pH值变化对3种草原类型土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(2):69-81. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2020108
[22]	关其格, 浩必斯嘎拉图, 杨越, 等. 毛乌素沙地南缘人工恢复植被对沙地土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(34):13217-13220.
[23]	戴雅婷, 侯向阳, 闫志坚, 等. 库布齐沙地两种植被恢复类型根际土壤微生物和土壤化学性质比较研究[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(20):6353-6364.
[24]	施明, 王锐, 孙权, 等. 腾格里沙漠边缘区植被恢复与土壤养分变化研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2013, 33(6):107-111.
[25]	左小安, 赵学勇, 赵哈林, 等. 沙地退化植被恢复过程中灌木发育对草本植物和土壤的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2009, 18(2):643-647. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906(2009)02-0643-05
[26]	王皓月, 郭月峰, 徐雅洁, 等. 九峰山不同林分类型生态恢复植被—土壤系统耦合关系评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(12):2309-2316. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.005
[27]	李尝君, 曾凡江, 郭京衡, 等. 植被恢复程度与沙地土壤性质:以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2015, 32(6):1061-1067.
[28]	LYU Du, LIU Qiuman, XIE Tao, et al. Impacts of different types of vegetation restoration on the physicochemical properties of Sandy Soil[J]. Forests, 2023, 14(9):1740.
[29]	陈闻, 杨晶晶, 袁媛, 等. 毛乌素沙地人工固沙植被的土壤养分效应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(6):1447-1456.
[30]	QI Luo, LIN Zhen, YU Xiao, et al. The effects of different types of vegetation restoration on wind erosion prevention:A case study in Yanchi[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2020, 15(11):115001.
[31]	姜丽娜, 马洁, 刘建康, 等. 毛乌素沙地不同植被恢复措施下土壤理化性质空间分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022, 42(5):1-7.
[32]	SU Yong Zhong, ZHAO Wenzhi, SU Peixi, et al. Ecological effects of desertification control and desertified land reclamation in an oasis-desert ecotone in an arid region:A case study in Hexi Corridor,Northwest China[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2007, 29(2):117-124.
[33]	温晨, 杨智姣, 杨磊, 等. 半干旱黄土小流域不同植被类型植物与土壤生态化学计量特征[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(5):1824-1834.

植被类型	林带结构	树种	株行距/(m×m)	树高/m	冠幅/(m×m)	植被盖度/%
HB	两行一带	花棒Corethrodendron scoparium	1.0×2.0	3.00	2.0×1.5	>40
HYNZ	三行一带	旱柳Salix matsudana	5.0×5.0	3.25	2.0×2.5		>70
		小叶杨Populus simonii	5.0×5.0	2.80	0.8×0.8
		柠条锦鸡儿Caragana korshinskii	1.0×2.5	0.70	1.0×1.0
		沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia	8.0×4.0	5.00	3.3×3.6
YS	一行一带	小叶杨Populus simonii	2.0×4.0	2.60	1.2×1.1		>70
YS	一行一带	樟子松Pinus sylvestris L.var.mongolica	2.0×2.0	2.70	1.2×1.6		>70
YL	两行一带	小叶杨Populus simonii	3.0×3.5	7.00	1.8×1.8		>40
YL	两行一带	沙柳Salix psammophila	2.0×6.0	2.00	1.9×1.2		>40

样地	土壤深度/cm			各粒级质量百分比/%
样地	土壤深度/cm			粗砂	中砂	细砂	极细砂	粉砂
HB	0	~	<5	0.00±0.00	1.20±0.02	81.75±0.05	16.14±0.02	0.91±0.02
	5	~	<30	0.00±0.00	0.27±0.04	78.01±0.15	21.47±0.10	0.25±0.03
	30	~	60	0.00±0.00	1.13±0.06	79.87±0.24	17.83±0.25	1.17±0.07
CK1	0	~	<5	0.06±0.01	1.27±0.06	80.50±0.25	16.42±0.26	1.75±0.06
	5	~	<30	0.04±0.01	0.53±0.02	72.37±0.15	25.49±0.18	1.57±0.05
	30	~	60	0.03±0.01	7.5±0.53	78.17±0.28	13.62±0.61	0.68±0.05
HYNZ	0	~	<5	0.13±0.06	16.37±2.17	68.12±2.90	11.55±2.40	3.83±0.31
	5	~	<30	0.16±0.03	16.06±0.72	76.18±0.44	6.86±0.37	0.74±0.08
	30	~	60	0.31±0.07	16.36±0.75	75.56±0.27	7.08±0.48	0.69±0.15
CK2	0	~	<5	0.00±0.00	7.89±0.70	84.55±0.13	7.44±0.55	0.12±0.02
	5	~	<30	0.03±0.02	27.28±1.63	69.04±2.46	3.60±0.86	0.05±0.04
	30	~	60	0.02±0.01	8.67±0.26	87.47±0.44	3.80±0.61	0.04±0.01
YS	0	~	<5	0.00±0.00	6.79±0.24	82.09±1.25	10.41±1.03	0.71±0.09
	5	~	<30	0.00±0.00	5.54±0.29	84.21±2.67	9.83±2.99	0.42±0.10
	30	~	60	0.00±0.00	5.80±0.14	82.20±1.58	11.81±1.41	0.19±0.06
CK3	0	~	<5	0.00±0.00	30.41±0.93	59.68±0.76	9.09±0.13	0.82±0.10
	5	~	<30	0.00±0.00	20.87±0.81	69.37±0.78	9.31±0.08	0.45±0.06
	30	~	60	0.00±0.00	34.98±1.75	57.06±2.04	7.22±0.08	0.74±0.21
YL	0	~	<5	0.00±0.00	7.25±0.44	79.02±0.28	13.15±0.34	0.58±0.08
	5	~	<30	0.00±0.00	7.95±0.86	79.11±0.96	12.12±0.24	0.82±0.12
	30	~	60	0.00±0.00	4.64±0.56	78.11±1.11	15.52±0.69	1.73±0.22
CK4	0	~	<5	0.00±0.00	9.90±4.48	82.43±4.15	7.55±0.45	0.12±0.03
	5	~	<30	0.01±0.02	26.87±1.19	69.46±1.46	3.64±0.30	0.02±0.02
	30	~	60	0.00±0.00	8.80±0.47	87.04±0.70	4.12±0.28	0.04±0.02

配对实验设置	土壤层/cm			机械组成
配对实验设置	土壤层/cm			粗砂	中砂	细砂	极细砂	粉砂
HB-CK1	0	~	<5	--		+		--
	5	~	<30	-	-	++	--	--
	30	~	60	-	--	++	++	++
HYNZ-CK2	0	~	<5		+	-		++
	5	~	<30	++	--	+	+	++
	30	~	60	+	++	--	+	+
YS-CK3	0	~	<5		--	++
	5	~	<30		--	+
	30	~	60		--	++	+	-
YL-CK4	0	~	<5				++	++
	5	~	<30		--	++	++	++
	30	~	60		--	--	++	++

配对试验设置	土层深度/cm			容重	pH	电导率
HB-CK1	0	~	<5	--
	5	~	<30	-	-	++
	30	~	60			++
HYNZ-CK2	0	~	<5			+
	5	~	<30	-		+
	30	~	60			+
YS-CK3	0	~	<5	-		--
	5	~	<30		-	--
	30	~	60		-	--
YL-CK4	0	~	<5
	5	~	<30	-
	30	~	60			+

配对实验设置	土层深度/cm			碱解氮	速效钾	速效磷	有机质
HB-CK1	0	~	<5	-	++	--	++
	5	~	<30		++	--	+
	30	~	60		++	++	--
HYNZ-CK2	0	~	<5
	5	~	<30
	30	~	60			--
YS-CK3	0	~	<5	++		++	++
	5	~	<30	+	+		++
	30	~	60	++	+	+
YL-CK4	0	~	<5
	5	~	<30
	30	~	60