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林草资源研究 ›› 2024›› Issue (5): 86-95.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.010

• 科研研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

疫木采伐后自然恢复对马尾松次生林树种生态位及多样性的影响

吴继来1(), 毛阳骏2,3,4, 陈炎根1, 胡澳2,3,4, 吴艳萍2,3,4, 史琰5, 王懿祥2,3,4()   

  1. 1.杭州市临安区林业局,杭州 311300
    2.浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州 311300
    3.浙江农林大学浙江省森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排重点实验室,杭州 311300
    4.浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院,杭州 311300
    5.浙江农林大学 风景园林与建筑学院,杭州 311300
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-30 修回日期:2024-09-30 出版日期:2024-10-28 发布日期:2025-04-18
  • 通讯作者: 王懿祥,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为森林生态学、森林经理学。Email:wangyixiang@zafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:吴继来,工程师,主要研究方向为森林资源培育。Email:267168537@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目“南方典型次生林全周期多功能经营技术研究”(2022YFD2200504);临安区农业与社会发展科研引导项目“松材线虫病干扰后的马尾松次生林碳汇计量及提升技术研究”(2022Y04);杭州西湖风景名胜区管委会科技发展计划项目“西湖山地公园景观更新与植物多样性保护协同应用研究”(2023-012)

The Impact of Natural Recovery of Diseased and Pest-infected Treescutting on the Niche and Diversity of Secondary Pinus massoniana Forests

WU Jilai1(), MAO Yangjun2,3,4, CHEN Yangen1, HU Ao2,3,4, WU Yanping2,3,4, SHI Yan5, WANG Yixiang2,3,4()   

  1. 1. Forestry Bureau in Lin'an District,Hangzhou 311300,China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China
    3. Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration in Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China
    4. College of Environment and Resource,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China
    5. College of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China
  • Received:2024-08-30 Revised:2024-09-30 Online:2024-10-28 Published:2025-04-18

摘要: 探讨松材线虫病疫木采伐后自然恢复的马尾松林树种多样性与生态位特征,可为卫生伐后马尾松林分的经营管理提供参考。以未遭受松材线虫病危害的马尾松林为对照(CK),分别选设中度采伐恢复5 a(MT5)、中度采伐恢复15 a(MT15)、重度采伐恢复5 a(HT5)和重度采伐恢复15 a(HT15)的林分,探究不同采伐强度和自然恢复年限对马尾松林树种组成、生态位宽度、生态位重叠和多样性的影响。结果表明:1)与CK相比,疫木采伐后林分中的马尾松重要值、生态位宽度,以及马尾松与其他树种的生态位重叠均值总体下降;2)相同自然恢复年限下,马尾松的重要值、生态位宽度,以及马尾松与其他树种的生态位重叠均值随采伐强度的增大而降低,阔叶树重要值随采伐强度的增大而增大;3)相同采伐强度下,马尾松的重要值、生态位宽度和马尾松与其他树种的生态位重叠均值随自然恢复年限的增加而降低,阔叶树重要值随自然恢复年限的增加而增大;4)自然恢复15 a时,重度采伐后的马尾松次生林物种丰富度显著高于中度采伐的(P<0.05),而自然恢复5 a时差异不显著(P>0.05);5)相同采伐强度下,自然恢复15 a的马尾松次生林物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数显著高于自然恢复5 a的(P<0.05)。疫木采伐后自然恢复时间越长,马尾松重要值和生态位宽度越低,阔叶树重要值越高,马尾松与其他树种的生态位重叠越少,树种多样性越高,重度采伐相较于中度采伐更能加快这种演变。

关键词: 马尾松, 间伐, 自然恢复, 生物多样性, 生态位, 松材线虫病

Abstract:

This study investigates the biodiversity and niche dynamics in Pinus massoniana forests(PMF)following thinning of trees affected by pine wilt disease to facilitate natural restoration,we aim to provide a scientific basis for the management of PMF stands after sanitation cutting.Employing a PMF stand unaffected by pine wilt disease as the control(CK),the forest stands with moderate cutting and restoration for 5 years(MT5),moderate cutting and restoration for 15 years(MT15),heavy cutting and restoration for 5 years(HT5),and heavy cutting and restoration for 15 years(HT15)were selected respectively assess how varying degrees of thinning and periods of natural restoration influence species composition,niche width,niche overlap,and biodiversity of PMF.1)Compared with CK,the important value of P.massoniana,niche width,and the average niche overlap between P.massoniana and other tree species in the forest stands after the cutting of epidemic wood generally decreased.2)Under the same natural restoration duration,the average important value of P.massoniana,niche width,and the average niche overlap between P.massoniana and other tree species decreased with increasing cutting intensity,and the important value of broad-leaved trees increased with increasing cutting intensity.3)Under the same cutting intensity,the average important value of P.massoniana,niche width,and the average niche overlap between P.massoniana and other tree species decreased with increasing natural restoration years,and the important value of broad-leaved trees increased with increasing natural restoration years.4)When the natural restoration lasted for 15 years,the species richness of the secondary forest of P.massoniana after heavy cutting was significantly higher than that after moderate cutting(P<0.05),while the difference was not significant when the natural restoration lasted for 5 years(P>0.05).5)Under the same cutting intensity,the species richness,Shannon-Wiener index,and Simpson index of the secondary forest of P.massoniana with natural restoration for 15 years were significantly higher than those with natural restoration for 5 years(P<0.05).Following thinning of P.massoniana,extended periods of natural restoration correlate with reduced significance and niche breadth of P.massoniana,alongside an increase in the significance of broad-leaved species.Additionally,the niche overlap between P.massoniana and other tree species decreases,resulting in higher species diversity.Intense thinning accelerates these ecological transitions more effectively than moderate thinning.

Key words: Pinus massoniana, thinning, natural restoration, biodiversity, niche, pine wilt disease

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