南亚热带典型森林类型地上碳密度及驱动因子研究

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2026.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确南亚热带典型森林类型地上碳密度的影响因素,为区域森林碳汇经营管理优化提供理论支撑。以广西壮族自治区崇左市5种典型森林类型(马尾松纯林、杉木纯林、巨尾桉纯林、壳菜果纯林以及针阔混交林)为研究对象,基于森林资源二类调查数据,使用生物量-蓄积量转化方程估算地上碳密度,并运用结构方程模型系统解析其驱动机制。研究结果表明:1)森林类型、龄组、林分密度均对森林地上碳密度有显著影响,而林地质量等级对地上碳密度无显著影响,但森林类型、林分密度、林地质量等级均和龄组有显著的交互作用。2)5种森林类型的地上碳密度由大到小排序为:壳菜果纯林(68.10 t/hm²)、马尾松纯林(33.20 t/hm²)、针阔混交林(32.40 t/hm²)、杉木纯林(32.00 t/hm²)、巨尾桉纯林(31.30 t/hm²)。3)地上碳密度随林龄增加呈持续上升趋势,各龄组森林平均地上碳密度依次为:幼龄林(13.7 t/hm²)、中龄林(31.6 t/hm²)、近熟林(35.8 t/hm²)、成熟林(42.2 t/hm²)、过熟林(51.8 t/hm²)。4)结构方程模型结果表明,林分密度、优势高和平均胸径是各森林类型地上碳密度的主要驱动因子,且均表现为正效应;立地因子对各森林类型地上碳密度的影响存在差异。与其他森林类型相比,壳菜果纯林和针阔混交林对气候和土壤因子更为敏感,而针叶纯林受地形因子的影响显著。通过优化林分龄组结构和树种组成,保持一定比例的成熟林、过熟林,并提高阔叶林和针阔混交林的比重,可增加森林地上碳储量。

关键词: 森林地上碳密度, 生物量-蓄积量转换函数, 驱动因子, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

Identifying the factors influencing of aboveground carbon density (ACD) in typical forests in south subtropical zone can provide theoretical support for optimizing regional forest carbon-sink management.Five typical forest types in Chongzuo,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China,including Pinus massoniana,Cunninghamia lanceolata,Eucalyptus grandis×urophylla,Mytilaria laosensis pure stands,and conifer-broadleaf mixed forest,were investigated.Based on forest management inventory data,ACD was estimated using biomass-volume conversion equations,and the its driving mechanisms were systematically analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).The results showed that:1) forest type,age class,and stand density significantly affected ACD,while site quality class had no significant main effect.However,forest type,stand density,and site quality class all exhibited significant interactions with age class.2)ACD of the five forest types ranked from highest to lowest as follows:Mytilaria laosensis pure stand (68.10 t/hm²),Pinus massoniana pure stand (33.20 t/hm²),conifer-broadleaf mixed forest (32.40 t/hm²),Cunninghamia lanceolata pure stand (32.00 t/hm²),Eucalyptus grandis×urophylla pure stand (31.30 t/hm²).3) ACD increased consistently with stand age.Mean ACD values for young,middle-aged,near-mature,mature,and overmature stands were 13.7,31.6,35.8,42.2,and 51.8 t/hm²,respectively.4) SEM revealed that stand density,dominant height,and mean diameter at breast height were the predominant positive drivers of ACD across all forest types,all with positive effects.The effects of site factors on ACD varied among forest types.Compared with the other forest types,the Mytilaria laosensis pure stand and the conifer-broadleaf mixed forest were more sensitive to climatic and soil factors.whereas the pure coniferous stands were significantly affected by topographic factors.Optimizing stand ageclass structure and tree-species composition,maintaining a certain proportion of mature and overmature stands,and increasing the proportions of broadleaved and conifer-broadleaf mixed forests can increase aboveground forest carbon stocks.

Key words: forest aboveground carbon density, biomass-volume conversion function method, driving factor, structural equation model

中图分类号:

S718.55

彭雨, 雷相东, 国红, 苏建苗. 南亚热带典型森林类型地上碳密度及驱动因子研究[J]. 林草资源研究, 2026,(2): 33-46.

PENG Yu, LEI Xiangdong, GUO Hong, SU Jianmiao. Aboveground carbon density and driving factors of typical forest types in the south subtropical zone[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2026,(2): 33-46.

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森林类型	优势树种	小班数量/个	面积/hm²	平均年龄/a	平均胸径/cm	林分密度/(株/hm²)	蓄积量/(m³/hm²)
针叶纯林	马尾松	1 318	4 606.9	23.8	19.7	990	133.0
	杉木	176	280.1	18.9	13.4	1 231	98.5
阔叶纯林	巨尾桉	639	1 140	4.7	9.9	1 354	67.0
	壳菜果	276	474.2	17.8	15.5	1 160	96.3
针阔混交林		1 103	3 661	19.2	16.6	1 103	96.5

森林类型	生物量-蓄积量方程	含碳系数
马尾松纯林	Y=0.510 1V+1.045 1	0.505 2
杉木纯林	Y=0.400 0V+22.541 0	0.520 1
巨尾桉纯林	Y=0.789 3V+6.930 6	0.525 3
壳菜果纯林	Y=0.625 5V+91.003 0	0.450 2
针阔混交林	Y=0.801 9V+12.279 9	0.489 3

变量	自由度	F值	P值
森林类型	4	276.10	<0.001
龄组	4	439.40	<0.001
林分密度	3	71.95	<0.001
林地质量等级	3	1.77	0.15
龄组-森林类型	16	4.63	<0.001
龄组-林分密度	12	11.67	<0.001
龄组-林地质量等级	12	2.14	0.01