宝天曼国家级自然保护区栎类林树木死亡动态及驱动因素

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 树木死亡作为影响森林群落动态变化的重要生态过程,受到多种因素的共同作用,探究树木死亡的动态变化及其驱动因素已成为生态学研究中的重要问题。锐齿槲栎林是宝天曼国家级自然保护区的重要森林类型,基于宝天曼国家级自然保护区36个固定监测样地(20 m×20 m)的2009年和2019年调查数据,将样地内树木按胸径(D_BH)大小划分为7个径级:Ⅰ级为(1 cm≤D_BH<5 cm),每5 cm增加一径级,最大为Ⅶ级(30 cm≤D_BH)。采用线性回归、广义线性混合模型及结构方程模型等方法,探讨不同生物因素(竞争强度、林分密度及物种多样性等)对锐齿槲栎林树木死亡的影响及其协同作用。结果表明:1)不同径级树木死亡率存在显著差异,小径级树木(D_BH<5 cm)死亡率最高,且随胸径的增加树木死亡率呈逐渐降低的趋势。2)不同生物因素对树木死亡率的影响差异显著,竞争强度、胸高断面积增量和林分密度与树木死亡率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),胸径变异系数、胸径基尼系数、林分平均基面积和物种多样性都与树木死亡率均呈现显著负相关(P<0.05)。3)结构方程模型分析表明,除Simpson多样性指数外,其余生物因素均对树木死亡率具有显著的直接影响,其中,竞争强度及林分平均基面积分别对树木死亡率产生显著的正效应(0.398)和负效应(-0.446)。总体来看,宝天曼国家级自然保护区锐齿槲栎林的树木死亡率受到多种生物因素的共同影响,其中竞争强度和林分平均基面积影响最为显著,研究结果可为该林分可持续发展和森林生态系统管理提供一定的科学支持和指导。

关键词: 树木死亡率, 动态, 生物因素, 结构方程模型, 宝天曼国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

Tree mortality,a crucial ecological process affecting the dynamics of forest communities,is influenced by the combined effects of various factors.It has become a focal issue to investigate the dynamics of tree mortality and its driving factorsin forest ecosystems.Quercus aliena var.acutiserrata is an important deciduous broadleaf species in Baotianman National Nature Reserve,located on the southern slope of the Funiu Mountains,China.Based on the two survey data(2009 and 2019)from the 36 permanent plots(20 m×20 m),the trees in the sample plot were divided into 7 diameter classes according to breast height diameter(D_BH),with Class I being(1 cm≤D_BH<5 cm),each subsequent class increasing by 5 cm,up to Class VII(30 cm≤D_BH).Multiple regression,generalize linear model and structural equation modelling were used to discuss the effect of some biotic factors(such as competition action,stand density and species diversity)on tree mortality in the Q.aliena var.acutiserrata forest.1)Mortality rates were highest in the smallest DBH class(D_BH<5 cm)and decreased with increasing DBH.2)Biotic factors showed different effects on tree mortality rates.Competition intensity,basal area increment,and stand density exerted positive effect on tree mortality(P<0.05),whereas DBH coefficient of variation,DBH Gini coefficient,mean stand DBH,and species diversity had negative roles on tree mortality(P<0.05).3)Structural equation modeling showed that all biotic factors,except for the Simpson diversity index,significantly influenced tree mortality rates.Competition intensity(CI)and the mean basal area(MBA)of stand individuals had significant positive(0.398)and negative(-0.446)effects on tree mortality,respectively.On the whole,the mortality rate of Q.aliena var.acutiserrata forest on the Baotianman National Nature Reserve is influenced by multiple biological factors,in which competition intensity and mean basal area of the stand individuals have the most significant effect.These findings provide scientific support for the sustainable management and ecosystem conservation of forests in this region.

Key words: tree mortality, dynamic, biotic factors, structural equation modeling, the Baotianman National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

S718.52

刘升云, 杨柳, 王冠杰, 师坤, 伊柳柳, 李金声, 于晨一, 王婷. 宝天曼国家级自然保护区栎类林树木死亡动态及驱动因素[J]. 林草资源研究, 2024,(5): 38-47.

LIU Shengyun, YANG Liu, WANG Guanjie, SHI Kun, YI Liuliu, LI Jinsheng, YU Chenyi, WANG Ting. Dynamics and Driving Factors of Tree Mortality in Quercus×leana Forests in the Baotianman National Nature Reserve[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2024,(5): 38-47.

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海拔/m	纬度	经度	年份	物种数/种	平均胸径/cm	平均树高/m	林分密度/(株/hm²)
1 380~1 420	33°49'57.12″— 33°49'57.98″N	111°92'21.56″— 111°92'22.23″E	2009	92	9.53±1.06	10.06±1.21	2 627±471
1 380~1 420	33°49'57.12″— 33°49'57.98″N	111°92'21.56″— 111°92'22.23″E	2019	96	13.51±2.15	12.49±2.62	1 488±273

树种	重要值/%		平均胸径/cm			死亡率/%
树种	2009	2019	2009	2019		2009—2019
锐齿槲栎Quercus aliena var.acutiserrata	25.32	24.05	19.54	27.78	4.55
短柄枹栎Quercus serrata var.brevipetiolata	6.78	6.84	13.44	18.30	4.04
华山松Pinus armandi	5.33	4.77	19.27	24.82	4.73
栓皮栎Quercus variabilis	3.82	4.19	20.96	28.32	3.11
四照花Cornus kousa	3.47	4.29	3.81	5.02	2.22
三桠乌药Lindera obtusiloba	2.50	1.38	4.09	5.12	9.76
卫矛Euonymus alatus	2.39	1.59	2.63	3.24	7.85
茅栗Castanea seguinii	2.35	1.74	12.89	21.58	8.75
鹅耳枥Carpinus turczaninovii	1.88	2.38	4.69	5.71	1.74
樱桃Prunus pseudocerasus	1.67	1.58	3.30	4.55	4.73