国家公园多维环境属性对地方依恋与心理恢复的作用机制研究

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着“健康中国”理念与国家公园体制建设的推进,自然保护地促进健康的功能受到广泛关注。以武夷山国家公园为例,构建“多维环境属性-地方依恋-心理恢复”的概念模型,基于536份实地问卷调查数据,在结构方程模型框架下开展测量模型验证与结构路径检验,以揭示国家公园环境属性通过地方依恋影响游客心理恢复的作用机制。多维环境属性包括自然属性、社会属性、象征属性与建成属性;地方依恋包括地方认同与地方依赖2个维度。结果表明:1)自然属性对心理恢复具有最强的直接效应,显示国家公园健康效益主要由生态本底支撑(如自然景观、生物资源、空气质量等);2)象征属性主要通过地方认同产生间接效应,表明文化意象及其所承载的场所意义能够通过增强游客的地方认同促进心理恢复;3)自然、社会与建成属性更多通过地方依赖发挥中介作用,表明可达性、活动支持与服务设施等功能性要素可通过增强游客对场所的依赖感促进心理恢复。总体来看,地方依恋在多维环境属性与心理恢复之间呈现中介效应,不同环境维度对应差异化的依恋路径。为理解国家公园环境属性影响心理恢复的作用机制提供了经验证据,并为国家公园在生态保护基础上优化环境营造与健康服务供给提供参考。

关键词: 国家公园, 多维环境属性, 地方依恋, 心理恢复, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

With the advancement of the “Healthy China” initiative and the development of China’s national park system,the health-promoting functions of protected areas have attracted increasing attention.Taking Wuyishan National Park as a case study,this research develops a conceptual model of “multidimensional environmental attributes-place attachment-psychological restoration”.Based on 536 on-site questionnaire responses,the measurement model was validated and structural path were tested within a structural equation modeling (SEM)framework to elucidate how park environmental attributes influence visitors’ psychological restoration through place attachment.Multidimensional environmental attributes were categorized as natural,social,symbolic,and built attributes,while place attachment comprises place identity and place dependence.The results showed that:1)natural attributes exerted the strongest direct effect on psychological restoration,indicating that the health benefits of national parks are primarily supported by their ecological foundations(e.g.,natural landscapes,biological resources,and air quality).2)symbolic attributes affected psychological restoration mainly indirectly via place identity,suggesting that cultural imagery and the meanings attached to the place can enhance restorative experiences by strengthening visitors’ place identity.3)Natural,social,and built attributes operated more stronglythrough place dependence,implying that functional factors such as accessibility,activity support,and service facilities can promote psychological restoration by reinforcing visitors’ place dependence.Overall,place attachment partially mediatedplays a partial mediating role between multidimensional environmental attributes and psychological restoration,and different environmental dimensions correspond to distinc attachment pathways.This study provides empirical evidence for understanding the mechanism through which environmental attributes shape psychological restoration in national parks,and offers implications for optimizing environmental design and enhancing health-service provision on the basis of ecological conservation.

Key words: national park, multidimensional environmental attributes, place attachment, psychological restoration, structural equation modeling

中图分类号:

TU986
S759.9

林征, 黄启堂. 国家公园多维环境属性对地方依恋与心理恢复的作用机制研究[J]. 林草资源研究, 2025,(6): 83-90.

LIN Zheng, HUANG Qitang. Mechanism linking multidimensional environmental attributes of national parks to place attachment and psychological restoration[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2025,(6): 83-90.

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特征	类别	人数	百分比/%
性别	男性	253	47.2
	女性	283	52.8
年龄	18~20岁	68	12.7
	21~30岁	106	19.8
	31~40岁	113	21.1
	41~50岁	93	17.4
	51岁及以上	156	29.1
教育程度	高中及以下	79	14.7
	大专	93	17.4
	本科	255	47.6
	硕士及以上	109	20.3
来源地	省内(非本地)	365	68.1
	省外	115	21.5
	本地	56	10.4

维度	属性	题项
环境属性	自然属性	这里的空气非常清新
		自然景观富有吸引力
		生物资源丰富
	社会属性	游客之间氛围友好
		人文环境较为和谐
		工作人员态度友好
	象征属性	文化意象让我产生共鸣
		感受到地方独特的符号与精神意涵
		承载着独特的历史文化记忆
	建成属性	休闲配套设施完善
		可开展的活动类型多样
		活动场地有明确的主题分区
		步道规划合理、出行便利
场所依恋	地方认同	我觉得这里是我向往的地方
		我对这里有情感归属
		这里对我意义重大
		我为来到这里感到自豪
	地方依赖	我在其他地方难以获得类似体验
		这里满足我放松休闲的需要
		与其他地方相比,这里更适合我进行游憩活动
		如果不能来这里,我会感到失落
恢复效益	心理恢复	在这里我感到身心得到恢复
		在这里让我内心更平静放松
		在这里让我压力得到缓解
		在这里让我精力得到恢复

路径	标准化系数(β)	P值
自然属性→心理恢复	0.228	<0.001
社会属性→心理恢复	0.187	0.002
象征属性→心理恢复	0.103	0.041
建成属性→心理恢复	0.119	0.015
自然属性→地方依赖	0.203	<0.001
社会属性→地方依赖	0.177	0.003
象征属性→地方认同	0.314	<0.001
建成属性→地方依赖	0.162	0.006
地方认同→心理恢复	0.271	<0.001
地方依赖→心理恢复	0.198	<0.001

路径	中介效应值	标准误差	下限	上限	P
象征属性→地方认同→心理恢复	0.085	0.021	0.049	0.132	0.002
自然属性→地方依赖→心理恢复	0.059	0.022	0.018	0.104	0.006
社会属性→地方依赖→心理恢复	0.042	0.016	0.010	0.075	0.009
建成属性→地方依赖→心理恢复	0.045	0.017	0.012	0.078	0.008