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林草资源研究 ›› 2024›› Issue (5): 128-137.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.014

• 技术应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于WindNinja模型的峡谷风场与林火蔓延模拟研究

王澳1(), 王成虎1,2(), 高桂云1,2, 王明玉3,4, 苏海燕1, 武凝雨1   

  1. 1.应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京 100085
    2.北京市地震观测工程技术研究中心,北京 100085
    3.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京 100091
    4.国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-15 修回日期:2024-09-15 出版日期:2024-10-28 发布日期:2025-04-18
  • 通讯作者: 王成虎,研究员,主要研究方向为地应力与自然灾害应急救援装备体系。Email:huchengwang@163.com
  • 作者简介:王澳,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为森林火灾应急救援。Email:w17320696437@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”国家重点研发计划重点专项“重大自然灾害防控与公共安全”(2021YFC3001901)

Simulation of Canyon Wind Field and Forest Fire Spread Based on WindNinja Model

WANG Ao1(), WANG Chenghu1,2(), GAO Guiyun1,2, WANG Mingyu3,4, SU Haiyan1, WU Ningyu1   

  1. 1. National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100085,China
    2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Earthquake Observation,Beijing 100085,China
    3. Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China
    4. Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China
  • Received:2024-06-15 Revised:2024-09-15 Online:2024-10-28 Published:2025-04-18

摘要:

聚焦于林火事故频发的高山峡谷区域,特别是地形复杂导致的局部风场多变性对林火蔓延的影响,以3月28日在四川省凉山彝族自治州木里藏族自治县的重大森林火灾为研究案例,运用WindNinja模型模拟峡谷风场,将其输入至FARSITE模型中,并将地表平均风场、峡谷模拟风场分别与FARSITE模型耦合,通过与实际火场范围数据的比较,评估模拟峡谷风场对林火蔓延趋势的影响。模拟结果显示,以轮廓系数(SC)为评价指标,基于WindNinja风场,对3月29日19:00、3月30日19:00、4月1日19:00的林火蔓延模拟精度分别为0.94、0.78和0.44,相较于地表平均风场分别提高了0.12、0.07和0.04。结果表明,WindNinja模拟风场与相关火行为的耦合模拟效果良好,结合WindNinja模拟风场的林火蔓延模型,更准确地考虑了局部风场,模拟结果与实际范围更为一致,和地表平均风场相比具有更高的相似度。

关键词: 峡谷风场, 林火蔓延模拟, WindNinja模型, FARSITE模型

Abstract:

This study focuses on the effect of local wind variability on the spread of forest fires in high mountain and valley areas where forest fire accidents occur frequently,especially in complex terrain.Take the March 28 forest fire in Muli Tibetan Autonomous County,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province,as a case study,the WindNinja model was applied to simulate the canyon wind field,which was input into the FARSITE forest fire spread model.Both the average surface and the canyon wind fields,as simulated by WindNinja,were respectively coupled with the FARSITE forest fire spread simulation.This comparison aimed to evaluate how the canyon wind field,as simulated by WindNinja,affects trends in forest fire spread.Simulation results show that with the Silhouette Coefficient(SC)as an evaluation index,the accuracy of forest fire spread simulation,as influenced by canyon wind field simulated by the WindNinja model will be improved at 19:00 on March 29,19:00 on March 30 and 19:00 on April 1.The three time points were 0.94,0.78 and 0.44,respectively,which were 0.12,0.07 and 0.04 higher than the average surface wind field,respectively.The results show that the coupling of the WindNinja canyon wind field simulation with the FARSITE forest fire spread model effectively simulates related fire behavior.Combined with the forest fire spread model using WindNinja simulated wind field,the parts of wind field are more accurately considered.The simulation results are more consistent with the actual range,and have higher similarity with the average surface wind field.

Key words: canyon wind field, forest fire spread simulation, WindNinja model, FARSITE model

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