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Analysis of Dominant Causes and Rescue Casualties of Forest Fires in China from 2000 to 2022 WANG Ao, WANG Chenghu, GAO Guiyun, WANG Mingyu Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (1): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.01.001 Abstract （1299）   HTML （71）    PDF （1400KB）（646）       Knowledge map    Save In order to analyze the main causes of forest fires and casualties in China over the past 20 years,based on the case records of forest fire fighting casualties and statistical data on relevant meteorological factors(average temperature,average precipitation,average wind speed)from 2000 to 2022,statistical analysis and correlation analysis method were used to analyze the main causes of forest fire and the main causes of casualties in fire fighting.The results showed:1)From 2000 to 2022,a total of 134,671 forest fires occurred in China.Among these the period of high incidence of forest fires was from 2003 to 2010.Severe climatic conditions were the main cause of forest fires during that period.In the past 10 years,more than 97% of forest fires have been caused by humans.In regions such as Guangxi,Yunnan,and Guizhou where agriculture and forestry are closely integrated,forest fire accidents occur frequently.2)Analysis of typical forest fire fighting cases shows that the accidents resulting in direct casualties caused by geographical environment,combustible conditions,meteorological conditions and fire activities account for the dominant part,while the casualties caused by non-indirect causes such as asphyxia,accidents and improper operation of fire fighting equipment also occasionally occurred.The research shows that the main causes of forest fires in China are meteorological factors and human factors,with casualties primarily resulting from unfavorable natural conditions.The main causes of forest fires and the causes of casualties are elaborated to provide a reference for efficient firefighting,scientific and accurate command. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Research on Plant Carbon Sequestration Capacity Across Different Vegetation Zones in China LIU Tong, BAO Shouchen, YUAN Tao Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (4): 12-20.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.04.002 Abstract （1160）   HTML （18）    PDF （993KB）（333）       Knowledge map    Save Plants serve as the primary carbon sink carriers in terrestrial ecosystems and are of great significance for maintaining ecological balance.Systematic analysis of the measurement methods of the whole plant carbon sink(plot inventory method,assimilation method,remote sensing estimation method,microclimate method)and its advantages and disadvantages,as well as scope of application.Using the widely adopted assimilation method,compared and analyzed the carbon sink capacity of plants in six vegetation zonesin China,considering plant growth forms,ecological habits,and environmental factors.The results revealedsignificant variations in the carbon sink capacity of plants across different vegetation zones.In the temperate coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest area and the warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zones,trees exhibited slightly higher carbon sink capacities than shrubs.Conversely,in the tropical monsoon rain forest and temperate grassland zones,shrubs demonstrated significantly higher carbon sink capacities than trees.In addition,there are significant differences in carbon sink capacity between coniferous and broadleaved trees.Aquatic and ground cover plants exhibit substantial potential for carbon sink,and have the possibility of further development.The study also indicated that carbon sink measurement methods and environmental factors significantly influence the evaluation ofplant carbon sink capacity.Based on the findings,it is recommended to establish a unified evaluation standard for carbon sink capacity,broadenthe scope of plant species and research coverage,and develop a more comprehensive framework for evaluating and enhancing carbon sink capacities across vegetation zones.Such efforts canprovide scientific guidance for ecological restoration,landscape tree species selection,andachieving carbon neutrality targets. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Organic Carbon in Typical Vegetation in the Qilian Mountains JIANG Shengxiu, ZHAO Peng, ZHANG Junnian, LI Delu, LIU Zixi Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.001 Abstract （969）   HTML （35）    PDF （1521KB）（366）       Knowledge map    Save By exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in the typical vegetation of the Qilian Mountains,we aimed to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the carbon sequestration effects of forest soil in the region.Using converted cultivated land as a control,five typical vegetation types were studied:grassland,natural trees(Picea crassifolia,Sabina przewalskii),artificial trees(Larix gmelinii)and shrub.Soil organic carbon content,organic carbon density,soil grades,pH,electrical conductivity,total nitrogen,total potassium,and total phosphorus were measured at depths of 0-100 cm compare and analyze the distribution differences and main influencing factors of organic carbon components in different vegetation soils.Results showed:1)The average soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density under different vegetation types were as follows:P.crassifolia(5.99 g/kg,3.43 kg/m2,respectively)>S.przewalskii(5.59 g/kg,2.76 kg/m2,respectively)>L.gmelinii(2.91 g/kg,2.16 kg/m2,respectively)>shrub(1.83 g/kg,2.08 kg/m2,respectively)>grassland(1.66 g/kg,2.00 kg/m2,respectively)>abandoned lands(1.16 g/kg,1.33 kg/m2,respectively).2)With soil layer deepening,the overall organic carbon content of different vegetation soils tended to decrease,while the density of soil organic carbon showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.3)In the 0-100 cm soil layer,the soil C/N content of different vegetation types ranged from 9.30 to 15.73,with mean values as follows:P.crassifolia(14.96)>grassland(11.66)>abandoned land(11.54)>shrub(10.83)>L.gmelinii(10.69)>S.przewalskii(10.63).4)Organic carbon and total nitrogen content in different vegetation types showed a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01),and a highly significant or significant positive correlation with total phosphorus,clay,and silt(P<0.01,P<0.05),a highly significant or significant negative correlation with sand content(P<0.01,P<0.05),and a significant negative correlation with pH(P<0.05).Thus the soil organic carbon retention capacity of natural trees in the Qilian Mountains is superior.Future carbon sequestration forestry construction should consider factors affecting soil organic carbon and prioritize dominant vegetation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services Vlaue in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve LIU Bingcang, YANG Haijiang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 18-24.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.003 Abstract （802）   HTML （28）    PDF （1361KB）（580）       Knowledge map    Save The assessment of forest ecosystem service value and its changes is of great practical significance for the protection and management of forest ecosystems,and can provide a reference for achieving regional economic-social-ecological synergistic development.Based on remote sensing data and related mapping data,the ecosystem service value(ESV)accounting method was used to assess the forest ecosystem service function of Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve and identify its hotspots of change from 1980 to 2020.The results show that:1)Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve is rich in forest resources,with a total forest area of about 636 600 hm2 and a forest coverage rate of 14.44%.Over time,the overall area has shown an increasing trend over the past 40 years,with a total increase of about 11,300 hm2 and a growth rate of 1.81%.2)The forests in the reserve possess great ecosystem service value,and from the perspective of time change,the ESV increased from 45 444 000 000 Yuan to 60 628 000 000 Yuan from 1980 to 2020,with a growth rate of 33.41%,which has shown an obvious increasing trend.From the perspective of the ESV contribution of different ecosystem types,forested land>shrubland>thin forest land>other forest land.In terms of specific ecosystem service values,soil conservation>water conservation>flood storage>tourism and cultural services>carbon sequestration>windbreaks and sand solidification>forest product production.3)Based on the prediction of hotspot areas of ecosystem service function and value change in the reserve,the value of regulating services is extremely vulnerable to the ecosystem change.The hotspot areas for the value change of provisioning services and cultural services remain stable in general,while areas prone to decrease account for 44.21% of the total protected area,which requires close attention.The results of the study provide important scientific insights for forest ecosystem assessment in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Inversion Method for Vegetation Chlorophyll Content MA Rongfei, CHEN Yan, HOU Peng, REN Xiaoqi Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 166-178.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.018 Abstract （795）   HTML （18）    PDF （1158KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save Chlorophyll content is crucial for the photosynthetic capacity of plants and serves as an important indicator of vegetation growth status.Accurate measurement of chlorophyll content is essential for assessing plant health,optimizing fertilizer management,and evaluating crop yields.However,traditional measurement methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive.In recent years,hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been rapidly developing as a cutting-edge technology,and using hyperspectral data for estimating chlorophyll content has become an important approach.This paper provides a comprehensively review of the development of typical airborne star-borne hyperspectral imagers both domestically and internationally.By analyzing relevant literature,the paper analyzes the advantages and limitations of three methods,namely,spectral vegetation index construction,hyperspectral red-edge positional parameters and machine learning algorithms,in inverting chlorophyll from hyperspectral data,and points out the shortcomings of the current development of hyperspectral remote sensing and the research on quantitative inversion of vegetation chlorophyll,and proposes the future research direction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biodiversity Conservation and Practice in National Wetland Park—A Case Study of Xixi National Wetland Park HU Xinting, YUAN Jun, CHENG Yonqquan, GUO Fengyi, YUAN Weiying, LI Gang, YANG Yongfeng Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 133-140.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.016 Abstract （774）   HTML （15）    PDF （1015KB）（1875）       Knowledge map    Save China established its first National Wetland Park in 2005.As an indispensable component of wetland protection system in China,national wetland parks have significantly contributed to biodiversity conservation over the past two decades.This study examines the significant challenges national wetland parks face in current biodiversity conservation and outlines key strategies for biodiversity conservation planning.Taking Xixi national wetland parks as a case study,it demonstrates specific practices in biodiversity conservation,particularly in rare and endangered species conservation,watershed biodiversity demonstration and nature education.This study proposes strategies for the key directions of biodiversity conservation in national wetland parks,which include protecting and restoring the biological baseline resources of wetlands,wild plant and animal habitat restoration,establishing information system for wetland sensing and monitoring,and promoting scientific and rational utilization of biological resources.These strategies aim to facilitate the development of national wetland park and enhance the quality of wetland biodiversity conservation in the new era. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Implementation Effectiveness of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 DENG Haoyu, SONG Yulan, CHEN Tong, WANG Rui Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 9-17.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.002 Abstract （735）   HTML （27）    PDF （1090KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save The implementation of the Three-North(i.e.,Northeast China,North China and Northwest China)Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 has yielded significant results,and the dynamic evaluation of the implementation effect of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program at this stage facilitates precise measurement of future objectives and tasks focus.By applying dynamic weighting and normal cloud models,we constructed a multi-level indicator system to comprehensively evaluate the implementation effect of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020,and selected the grey system prediction model to accurately predict the first-level effect response index from 2024 to 2028.The results show that:1)The response indexes for project objectives,benefits,and sustainability show a steady upward trend,of which the largest increase is the index of project benefits,and the smallest increase is the index of project objectives.2)The overall evaluation of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 is positive,which indicates that the project's comprehensive benefits are significant in this period.3)The comprehensive evaluation and prediction results for the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2024 to 2028 show a consistent upward trend in both project goal and sustainability indices.Focusing the evaluation on project objectives,benefits,and sustainability,the index system for evaluating the implementation effect of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program from 2001 to 2020 has been enhanced and refined. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wildlife Video Object Detection Based on Deep Learning WANG Shuai, LU Nan, ZHENG Hong, LI Hui, PENG Jiangui, ZHANG Tong, WEI Yanhua Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (1): 34-40.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.01.005 Abstract （686）   HTML （31）    PDF （4274KB）（292）       Knowledge map    Save Ecological sensing terminals represented by infrared cameras provide massive amounts of image and video data for wildlife monitoring research.To improve the problems of low timeliness and limited processing ability in manual recognition of massive data,and to solve the uncertainty of object detection models in practical scenarios affected by multiple factors such as complex backgrounds,multiple targets,light and dark,a wildlife object detection dataset was established using leopard,adult male bharal,and non-adult male bharal as examples.Four classic object detection models,Faster R-CNN,SSD,YOLOv5,and YOLOv8,were compared and analyzed in terms of detection accuracy,detection speed,and detection effectiveness in actual scenarios.The results show that the detection effect and speed of YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 are overall better than Faster R-CNN and SSD.1)YOLOv8 has higher detection accuracy and stronger robustness under multiple interference factors,making it more suitable for scenarios that pursue detection results;2)All four models can meet the real-time video detection needs of ecological perception terminals,but the YOLOv5 model is the lightest and has the fastest detection speed,making it more suitable for scenarios with limited computability that pursue detection speed.YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 have superior performance and are suitable for detecting wildlife video targets in practical scenarios. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Remote Sensing Inversion of Mangrove Biomass Based on Machine Learning HAO Jun, LYU Kangting, HU Tianqi, WANG Yunge, XU Gang Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (1): 65-72.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.01.009 Abstract （658）   HTML （34）    PDF （3014KB）（847）       Knowledge map    Save Accurately investigating mangrove biomass is beneficial for evaluating the carbon sink potential of mangrove ecosystems.Based on field survey data,Landsat 8 remote sensing images and DEM data,22 feature variables were extracted to carry out remote sensing inversion of mangrove biomass in the Ximen Island,which used three machine learning methods:Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine model(SVM)and eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).The results showed:1)Compared to the RF model and SVM model,the XGBoost model had a better estimation performance(R2=0.932,ERMS=0.514 t/hm2,EMA=0.313 t/hm2),which could more accurately estimate the mangrove biomass.2)Among the 10 important characteristic factors selected by Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE),the vegetation index has a relatively high importance in estimating mangrove biomass.3)The biomass inversion map of the XGBoost model,which is composed of 10 important characteristic factors,showed that the estimated mangrove biomass ranges from 9.138 to 29.229 t/hm2,which was similar to the findings of the field survey.It can be seen that the XGBoost algorithm shows good application capabilities in mangrove biomass.This research will provide a technical reference for the accounting of carbon storage in the Chinese mangroves. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release Capacity of 12 Tree Species in Baotou City WU Le, GAO Runhong, HAN Shumin, JIA Kexin Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (6): 98-106.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.06.012 Abstract （656）   HTML （6）    PDF （1147KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Save Studying the photosynthetic characteristics,carbon fixation,and oxygen release capacity of tree species,along with screening the dominant species for carbon fixation and oxygen release,provides important guidance for the development of forestry carbon sinks and ecological environment construction.This study focused on 12 tree species that are predominant in Baotou City,and their photosynthetic physiological parameters were measured using a CI-340 portable photosynthesis system.Pearson correlation and systematic cluster analysis were used to explore the diurnal variation in the net photosynthetic rate of tree species and its relationship with environmental factors.Additionally,and the carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of tree species was evaluated.1)Among the 12 tree species,Ulmus pumila,Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv.and Picea asperata showed unimodal diurnal variation of the net photosynthetic rate.The bimodal tree species are Pinus tabuliformis,Populus simoniiand and Reaumuria songarica.2)Tree species with a single peak of water use efficiency were Picea asperata,Juniperus rigida and Pinus tabuliformis.The tree species with a bimodal type are Sorbaria sorbifolia;the tree species that decreased first and then increased were Ulmus pumila,Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.and Platycladus orientalis.3)The tree with the highest net photosynthetic rate was Ulmus pumila.while the shrub with the highest net photosynthetic rate was Tamarix chinensis.The tree with the strongest water use efficiency is Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.,and the shrub with the strongest water use efficiency is Caragana tibetica.4)Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with both transpiration rate and stomatal conductance.5)The carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of tree species in Baotou City can be classified into three grades according based on strength:Ulmus pumila and Populus simonii are grade I;Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.is grade II;and Picea asperata.,Platycladus orientalis,Pinus tabuliformis and Juniperus rigida are grade III.The carbon fixation and oxygen release capacities of shrub species were classified into three grades:Tamarix chinensis was grade I;Juniperus sabina and Sorbaria sorbifolia are grade II;and Reaumuria songarica and Caragana tibetica Kom.are grade III.It is recommended to select Ulmus pumila,Populus simonii and Tamarix chinensis as the preferred tree species for carbon fixation and oxygen release.In areas with poor water conditions,Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.,Picea asperata and Caragana tibetica are recommended. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatiotemporal Trends and Influencing Factors of Forest Carbon Stock in Jiangxi Province from 2005 to 2020 LI Jiao, WANG Bing, WANG Chen, GAO He, WU Huilong, ZHENG Xin, PENG Huafu Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (1): 17-24.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.01.003 Abstract （650）   HTML （37）    PDF （10240KB）（398）       Knowledge map    Save Forest ecosystems play a key role in mitigating and adapting to climate change.A comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal trends in forest carbon stocks is essential for maintaining the regional carbon balance,predicting the potential of forest carbon stocks,adjusting conservation and management measures.Based on the three remote sensing datasets,forest carbon stock(FCS),land use cover change(LUCC)and digital elevation model(DEM),Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and correlation analysis methods were used to analyze the spatiotemporal trends of forest carbon stock and its response to land use change in Jiangxi Province from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that 1)forest carbon stock in Jiangxi Province showed an upward fluctuating trend,with an average annual growth rate of 12.59%,the minimum value appeared in 2009,which was 5.3×108tC,and the maximum value appeared in 2018,which was 6.5×108tC.2)The carbon stock is increasing in hilly areas in the central and southern parts,while it is decreasing in the lower-altitude northern parts.3)Jiangxi Province shows a decreasing trend in forest area but an increasing trend in forest carbon stocks,mainly due to urban expansion and continued sustainable forest management.4)Ecological protection and restoration measure is one of the main factors that promoting the stable increase of forest carbon stock in Jiangxi Province.In the future,the rich forest resources should be fully developed,and the synergistic efficiency of environmental protection,economic development,and poverty alleviation should be promoted through the development of Chinese Certified Emission Reduction(CCER) forestry carbon sink projects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Forest Disturbance Detection in Mountainous Areas Based on SAR and Optical Data Fusion WANG Bo, CHEN Yonggang, YAN Yanting Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 60-69.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.008 Abstract （640）   HTML （16）    PDF （4571KB）（700）       Knowledge map    Save Efficient forest disturbance detection methods can prevent and mitigate forest disasters in time and protect the ecosystem.To address the issue of forest interference in mountainous areas,which is often affected by terrain when integrating multi-source data,this study develops a slope direction classification algorithm to delineate the detection area.This mitigates the effect of terrain relief on the radar rate of change(RCR).A novel forest disturbance detection method was proposed on the basis of the fusion of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)and optical satellite data,utilizing an enhanced RCR approach with NDVI time series.The results were as follows:1)The enhanced RCR methodology markedly expands the detection area 19.48% through the slope classification method,encompassing a greater scope of interference areas and enhancing the detection accuracy.2)The overall detection accuracy based on the fusion data of SAR and optical satellite is 89.24%,which is 11.11% and 13.32% higher than that of SAR and optical satellite with only a single sensor.Compared with the single-sensor method,this research method can obtain rich,continuous detection information under different time and weather conditions,and it has greater potential and advantages in improving the detection capability of forest disturbance,which can provide more comprehensive and accurate information support for forest resource management and ecological protection in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Individual Tree Segmentation Algorithm of Pinus MassonianaForest Based on Fusion Point Cloud Data LI Wei, WANG Xiaohong Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 92-100.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.011 Abstract （635）   HTML （7）    PDF （3512KB）（572）       Knowledge map    Save LiDAR technology has a great advantage in forest resources investigation,but the data collected by a single platform often has scanning blind spots,which makes it difficult to obtain complete forest structure information.For this reason,we take the Pinus massoniana forests as the research object and explore the suitability algorithm for individual tree segmentation of Pinus massoniana forests based on fusion point cloud data.We first proposed a method for fusing forest-sample point cloud data.Then,we adopted the marker-controlled watershed algorithm,distance-based clustering algorithm,and the layer stacking algorithm for the Pinus massoniana forests for individual tree segmentation.Finally,tree heights were extracted to verify the applicability of the fusion point cloud for estimating forest structural parameters.The experimental results are as follows:1)The proposed fusion point cloud method can effectively fuse airborne lidar point cloud and hand-held lidar point cloud with a registration error of 0.054 m.2)Among the three tree segmentation algorithms,the marker-controlled watershed algorithm has the highest segmentation accuracy,with an overall accuracy of 0.88,which is higher than the distance-based clustering algorithm and the layer stacking algorithm.3)The extracted tree height of individual tree segmented using the marker-controlled watershed algorithm has an R2 of 0.983 7 and an RMSE of 0.759 6 m based on the fusion point cloud data,which is a significant improvement in accuracy compared to single point cloud data.The results of the study can provide technical support for the application of multi-source LiDAR in forestry field and the management of forest resources in Pinus massoniana forests. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network in the Core Area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Based on MSPA-Linkage Mapper SHE Yuchen, CHEN Chulin, MAO Shuzhen, TAN Juan Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (4): 60-69.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.04.007 Abstract （633）   HTML （4）    PDF （7520KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save Rapid urbanization has led to landscape fragmentation and increased ecological risks.Constructing and optimizing ecological networks is crucial strategies for ensuring regional ecological security and sustaining ecosystem services.This study focuses on the core area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,using morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),remote sensing ecological index(RSEI),and landscape connectivity analysis to comprehensively identify ecological source areas.Considering factors such as terrain,topography,landscape types,and human interference,and utilizing the entropy method to establish a combined resistance surface,the utilizing the entropy method to establish a combined resistance surface,the study employed Linkage Mapper to develop an ecological network,incorporating stepping stone patches and ecological corridors to enhance network structure.Subsequently,the structural indices of the optimized ecological network were compared before and after optimization.1)Seven distinct landscape types were identified through MSPA,with the core area boasts the largest expanse.2)Core ecological source areas are primarily located in the northeastern and southern regions of the study area,whereas middle and western regions exhibit relative sparsity with uneven distribution and poor connectivity.3)Affected by human activities in the central urban area,overall resistance within the study area is characterized by high levels in central locations,which decrease towards peripheral zones.4)A total of 59 ecological corridors were identified,predominantly concentrated around high-quality patches in the northeastern and southern areas,while lateral connectivity remains inadequate in the eastern and western sections.5)The addition of seven stepping stone patches and nineteen new ecological corridors led to significant improvements in both the structural indices of the optimized network and its stability.The optimized ecological network structure has achieved significant improvements in both connectivity and stability.These improvements underscore that optimization measures have effectively enhanced landscape connectivity and ecosystem restoration capabilities in this region,while potentially mitigating environmental issues caused by rapid urban development within the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Classification of Urban Green Space in Yunnan Province Based on Sentinel-2A XU Xiao, ZHANG Jialong Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (2): 141-148.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.017 Abstract （595）   HTML （9）    PDF （7470KB）（136）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand the spatial distribution and composition of green spaces in major cities of Yunnan Province,the Wenshan,Jinghong,Mangshi,Shangri-La,and Yuxi are selected as the study areas.Based on Sentinel-2A satellite remote sensing images,features including spectrum,texture,vegetation index and terrain characteristics are extracted and.The random forest algorithm is used to classify the four types of green spaces:park green space,protective green space,affiliated green space,and production green space.The results show:1)Among the factors participating in the classification of four urban green spaces types,elevation exhibits the highest contribution.2)The mapping accuracy(PA)and user accuracy(UA)of green space classification in the five main urban areas surpass the accuracy of non-green space,with an overall accuracy(OA)and harmonic average F1 accuracy both exceeding 84%,and a Kappa value of 0.75.3)The classification accuracy of the four green spaces types in Jinghong City main urban area and Shangri-La main urban area is superior to that of Mangshi Main urban area,Wenshan main urban area and Yuxi main urban area.4)The total green space area in the five main urban areas of Wenshan,Jinghong,Mangshi,Shangri-La and Yuxi amounts to 6.22,20.81,2.52,6.65 and 8.58 km2,respectively.The random forest algorithm effectively classifies urban green spaces with high accuracy,thereby providing substantial technical support for green space resources planning and ecological environment protection management in Yunnan Province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomass and Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release Function of Larix gmelinii at Different Ages in Daxing 'anling LIU Linfu, HONG Guangyu, MI Hongzhuo, WANG Zhiqiang, XU Ronghui, HU Yongning Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 88-95.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.011 Abstract （580）   HTML （5）    PDF （3966KB）（147）       Knowledge map    Save Larix gmelinii is the main afforestation tree species in Daxing 'anling.It examines the biomass,carbon fixation and oxygen release functions across different forest ages to provide a foundation for the rational and scientific management of Larix gmelinii in this area.The biomass and carbon fixation and oxygen release functions of different forest ages of Larix gmelinii were analyzed by field investigation and laboratory test.The results showed that:1)The stand structure of Larix gmelinii changed with the increase of forest age.Between ages 5 and 35 years,crown width increased from 1.11 m2 to 32.71 m2,with an average annual growth rate of 1.05 m2 per year.The diameter at breast height ranged from 1.11 to 27.1 cm,and the growth rate showed a trend of first being fast and then slow.2)The age from 5 years to 35 years,the biomass per plant was 0.25 to 411.73 kg per plant.The trunk consistently accounted for the dominant portion of a single plant’s biomass,holding an absolute advantage in aboveground biomass.3)The carbon fixation and oxygen release functions of Larix gmelinii showed an upward trend with the increase of forest age.When the forest age was 35 years,the average annual carbon fixation was 119.02 kg,and the oxygen release was 318.64 kg.The biomass and carbon fixation and oxygen release functions of Larix gmelinii showed significant positive changes with the increase of forest age.Therefore,the continuous optimization and protection of Larix gmelinii have substantial potential for improving ecological conditions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Ecosystem Services in Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve in Ningxia LI Huijie, LI Wanting, WANG Bing, NIU Xiang, LIANG Yongliang, LI Jingyao Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (1): 25-33.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.01.004 Abstract （570）   HTML （19）    PDF （3713KB）（404）       Knowledge map    Save Ecosystem service functions can promote harmony between human and nature.Exploring the ecosystem service functions of Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve is of great significance for adopting a holistic approach to conserving and management our mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasslands,and deserts.Based on a series of national standards for long-term observation research and service function evaluation of forest and grassland ecosystems,as well as applying a distributed calculation method based on forestry compartment data,we selected five forest and grassland ecosystem service functions,namely,soil conservation,forest nutrient sequestration,water conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,atmospheric purification to assessed their benefits in terms of physical quality and value quantity.The results show that the physical quality of forest and grassland ecosystem services in the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve in Ningxia present present a spatial distribution pattern of high in the northeast and low in the southwest;the total value is 2.827 billion yuan/a,of which the functions of water conservation and soil conservation in the top two.There are the main services function of forest and grassland ecosystems in Ningxia Helan Mountain national Nature Reserve.The Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve should further strengthen forest management,optimize tree species and age structures,enhance the quality of forest ecosystems,and fully leverage the ecosystem services. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey and Analysis of Bird Diversity in The Erguna Wetland,Inner Mongolia WANG Qiyuan, JI Penghao, XUE Lei, GAO Runhong Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 66-76.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.008 Abstract （567）   HTML （10）    PDF （1598KB）（1052）       Knowledge map    Save In the spring,autumn and winter of 2022,a survey of bird diversity was carried out in Erguna wetland by using line transect method and site sampling method. 1)A total of 14 139 birds and 115 species belonging to 19 orders and 40 families were recorded. 2)There were 78 species of Palaearctic,Holoearctic and Northeast type,accounting for 67.83% of the total species. 3)In terms of bird fauna,Palearctic species and widespread species are the main species,and in terms of resident types,summer migratory birds,resident birds and travelers are absolutely superior. 4)There are 39 species of protected birds,including 6 species under national priority protection,26 species under national secondary protection,24 species of birds listed in CITES Appendix II and 2 species listed in CITES Appendix I. 5)In terms of bird ecological types,songbirds had the largest number of species(57 species),but a small number(575),while swimming birds and wading birds had a total of 35 species(13 468 species),accounting for 95.25% of the total number of birds in this survey. 6)There were seasonal dynamic differences in bird community composition,with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index in autumn and the lowest in spring,and the lower Sorensen index among different seasons. 7)The composition of bird community was greatly affected by habitat types. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were the highest in forest shrub,the lowest in farmland,and the Sorensen index among different habitat types was low. The results of the survey reflect the status quo of bird resources in Erguna wetland,and can provide a reference for the management and protection of birds in the reserve. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil in the Wind-sand Inflow Section of the Hobq Desert HAO Siran, MENG Zhongju Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (5): 96-105.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.05.011 Abstract （559）   HTML （9）    PDF （1967KB）（549）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the influence of sandy vegetation restoration on the properties of wind-sand soil,which is crucial for the rational conservation and adaptive management of regional soil and water resources.The research focuses on four typical communities of artificial vegetation communities in the Hobq Desert sand inflow section:18-year-old Corethrodendron scoparium forest(HB),Salix matsudana+Populus simonii+Caragana korshinkii+Elaeagnus angustifolia mixed forest(HYNZ),Populus simonii+Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.mixed forest(YS),Populus simonii+Salix psammophila mixed forest(YL).The differences in soil properties under the four vegetation restoration types were comparatively analyzed through the combination of in situ sampling in the field and indoor laboratory tests.1)By planting artificial vegetation,the content of fine particulate matter of soil under different vegetation restoration types was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the content of coarse sand particles was decreased.2)Soil pH under different vegetation restoration types was decreased by 0.18~0.83.The effect of the four vegetation types on the electrical conductivity showed that HB>YL>HYNZ>YS.3)Soil bulk density significantly decreased under all vegetation restoration types (P<0.05),with the most considerable change observed in the surface layer.4)After vegetation restoration,soil nutrients were improved to different degrees. There was an obvious epimerization characteristic. The increase of mixed forests was higher than that of Corethrodendron scoparium fores. Artificial vegetation restoration promotes soil recovery in the Hobq Desert sands inlet section by developing fine-grained soil structures and enhancing soil nutrient cycling. Based on the prevailing soil and water resources,it is recommended to construct a protective vegetation system with a diverse array of arboreal and herbaceous species,which is more conducive to the long-term restoration of the regional ecosystem in the Hobq Desert region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Legal Regulation of Forestry Carbon Ticket in China under the Twin Goals of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality JING Zhen, ZHANG Xin Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2024, 0 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.03.001 Abstract （554）   HTML （34）    PDF （965KB）（419）       Knowledge map    Save Forestry carbon ticket is a novel approach to realizing the value of forestry carbon sink projects and encouraging progress toward the twin goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.In the context of advancing green development,it examines the current status and necessity of regulating forestry carbon ticket in China,drawing insights from the legal practices observed in Sanming City,Fujian Province,and similar regions.Additionally,an analysis is conducted to identify the practical challenges inherent in the forestry carbon ticket system.Under the policy objective of actively and prudently advancing carbon peak and carbon neutrality,the legal regulation of forestry carbon tickets in China is essential.The usufruct attribute of forestry carbon tickets related to carbon emission reduction is clarified.Moreover,this framework can contribute to the establishment of a supervisory system for multi-subject collaboration,ensuring the orderly development of the forestry carbon ticket market,and fostering the creation of a beautiful China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics