西鄂尔多斯4种孑遗植物叶片形态结构与光合生理特性的关系

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

荒漠植物通过协同调控叶片形态结构与光合生理适应干旱环境。以四合木、沙冬青、蒙古扁桃与绵刺为研究对象,综合测定叶片形态结构指标与光合生理参数,采用相关性分析和冗余分析解析二者的关系,探究影响光合生理的关键形态调控因子,探讨其在干旱环境下的适应策略。结果表明:1)4种植物叶片形态结构差异显著(P<0.05)。2)4种植物净光合速率日变化均表现出明显的光合午休现象;胞间CO₂浓度随气孔导度减小而降低,气孔调控在环境适应中起主导作用。3)叶片形态结构与光合生理密切相关,叶干物质含量为驱动光合变化的主要形态因子,并对光能利用与水分调控表现出抑制效应。4)不同物种通过差异化的结构与功能协同形成独特适应干旱策略。四合木依赖较高水分利用效率,沙冬青在光能获取与水分保持间达成平衡,蒙古扁桃强化色素体系以增强抗逆性,绵刺则通过利用小的叶面积与高比叶面积实现资源的高效获取。西鄂尔多斯荒漠植物表现出多样化的干旱适应机制,叶干物质含量在调控光合生理中发挥关键作用。

关键词: 叶片形态结构, 光合特性, 干旱适应, 西鄂尔多斯, 古地中海孑遗植物

Abstract:

Desert plants adapt to arid environments through the synergistic regulation of leaf morphological structures and photosynthetic physiology.To elucidate the relationship between leaf morphological structures and photosynthetic physiological characteristics and to explore the drought adaptation strategies of typical relict plants in Western Ordos,4 representative species(Tetraena mongolica,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,Prunus mongolica,and Potaninia mongolica)were investigated.Leaf morphological traits and photosynthetic physiological parameters were comprehensively quantified,and correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)were employed to elucidate their relationships and identify key morphological factors regulating photosynthetic performance.The results showed that:1)Significant differences in leaf morphology were observed among the 4 species(P<0.05).2)The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate in the four species exhibited a pronounced midday depression,and intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased in response to reduced stomatal conductance,indicating that stomatal regulation plays aprimary role in environmental adaptation.3)leaf morphology was intricately correlated with photosynthetic physiology,with leaf dry matter content(c_LDMC)identified as the core driver of photosynthetic variation,exerting an inhibitory effect on both light utilization and water regulation.4)The distinct species have formulated unique drought-adaptation strategies through the differential synergy of structural and functional traits.Specifically,Tetraena mongolica relies on high water-use efficiency,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus strikes a balance between light acquisition and water conservation;Prunus mongolica enhance its pigment system to strengthen stress resistance;and Potaninia mongolica utilizes small leaf area and high specific leaf area to achieve efficient resource acquisition.In conclusion,desert plants of western Ordos exhibit diverse drought-adaptation mechanisms,with c_LDMC playing a pivotal role in regulating photosynthetic physiology.

Key words: leaf morphological structure, photosynthetic characteristics, drought adaptation, Western Ordos, relict plants of the Paleogene Tethys

中图分类号:

Q945

鲁雪妍, 高润红, 满馨, 贾芳彬, 姬玉飞, 刘劲松. 西鄂尔多斯4种孑遗植物叶片形态结构与光合生理特性的关系[J]. 林草资源研究, 2025,(5): 63-74.

LU Xueyan, GAO Runhong, MAN Xin, JIA Fangbin, JI Yufei, LIU Jingsong. Relationships between leaf morphological structure and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of four relict plants in Western Ordos[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2025,(5): 63-74.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 45

[1]	智颖飙, 杨持, 王中生, 等. 孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的濒危肇因与机制[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(2):767-776.
[2]	LI Ruili, YAN Chunhua, ZHAO Yunxia, et al. Discriminating growth stages of an endangered Mediterranean relict plant(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)in the arid Northwest China using hyperspectral measurements[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 657(1):270-278. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.060
[3]	FANG Shibo, ZHANG Xinshi, et al. Control of vegetation distribution:climate,geological substrate,and geomorphic factors.A case study of grassland in Ordos,Inner Mongolia,China[J]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2013, 39(2):167-174. doi: 10.5589/m13-022
[4]	SONG Yifan, LIU Tiejun, HAN Xiufeng, et al. Adaptive traits of three dominant desert-steppe species under grazing-related degradation:Morphology,structure,and function[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2021, 28:e01647. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01647
[5]	孙梅, 田昆, 张贇, 等. 植物叶片功能性状及其环境适应研究[J]. 植物科学学报, 2017, 35(6):940-949.
[6]	THAKUR D, SINGH L, CHAWLA A. Reliability of leaf functional traits after delayed measurements[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 2020, 68(2):100-107. doi: 10.1071/BT19166
[7]	WRIGHT I J, REICH P B, WESTOBY M, et al. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum[J]. Nature, 2004, 428(6985):821-827. doi: 10.1038/nature02403
[8]	WANG Yuqi, ZHANG Jianhui, MAN Duoqing. Study on physiological response of desert plants to precipitation change[J]. Botanical Research, 2020, 9(4):336-340. doi: 10.12677/BR.2020.94041
[9]	许爱云, 曹兵, 谢云, 等. 干旱风沙区煤炭基地12种草本植物对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应及抗旱性评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10):22-34. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2020114
[10]	YANG Xiaodong, LI Saiqiang, LV Guanghui, et al. Plant adaptation to extreme environments in drylands—Series II:Studies from Northwest China[J]. Forests, 2024, 15(5):733. doi: 10.3390/f15050733
[11]	蔡海霞, 吴福忠, 杨万勤, 等. 干旱胁迫对高山柳和沙棘幼苗光合生理特征的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(9):2430-2436.
[12]	金鹰, 王传宽, 等. 植物叶片水力与经济性状权衡关系的研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(10):1021-1032. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0099
[13]	BASU S, RAMEGOWDA V, KUMAR A, et al. Plant adaptation to drought stress[J]. F1000Research, 2016, 5(5):2016.
[14]	CUI Guangshuai, WANG Yuxi, PUGNAIRE F I, et al. Non-linear responses of plants enhance their resistance to drought in drylands[J]. The Innovation Geoscience, 2025, 3(2):100136. doi: 10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100136
[15]	PU Yan, HE Nianpeng, FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ Marcos, et al. Plant acquisitive strategies promote resistance and temporal stability of semiarid grasslands[J]. Ecology Letters, 2025, 28(4):e70110. doi: 10.1111/ele.v28.4
[16]	BHAT H A. Adaptations of desert plants to extreme environments[J]. Medalion Journal:Medical Research,Nursing,Health and Midwife Participation, 2023, 4(4):185-190.
[17]	LANGE O L, SCHULZE E-D, KAPPEN L, et al. Photosynthesis of desert plants as influenced by internal and external factors[J]. Perspectives of Biophysical Ecology, 1975, 12:121-143.
[18]	LIU Zhangkai, WANG Congwen, YANG Xuejun, et al. The relationship and influencing factors between endangered plant Tetraena mongolica and soil microorganisms in West Ordos desert ecosystem,Northern China[J]. Plants, 2023, 12(5):1048. doi: 10.3390/plants12051048
[19]	丁颖慧. 西鄂尔多斯荒漠灌木植物适应逆境生理生态特征[D]. 北京: 中央民族大学, 2021.
[20]	马松梅, 聂迎彬, 段霞, 等. 蒙古扁桃植物的潜在地理分布及居群保护优先性[J]. 生态学报, 2015,(9):2960-2966.
[21]	ZHANG Hongxiang, WANG Qian, WEN Zhibin. Spatial genetic structure of Prunus mongolica in arid northwestern China based on RAD sequencing data[J]. Diversity-Basel, 2021, 13(8):397.
[22]	WANG Yonglong, XU Ying, MAITRA P., et al. Temporal variations in root-associated fungal communities of Potaninia mongolica,an endangered relict shrub species in the semi-arid desert of Northwest China[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 13:975369. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975369
[23]	孙安安, 智颖飙, 姜平平, 等. 西鄂尔多斯4种荒漠植物光合作用特征与差异性[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(13):4944-4952.
[24]	GUO Pu, LU Qi, LI Shuai. Productivity and species diversity of plant communities are higher inside than outside the West Ordos National Nature Reserve,Northern China[J]. Plants, 2024, 13(5):660. doi: 10.3390/plants13050660
[25]	PEREZ-HARGUINDEGUY N, DIAZ S, GARNIER E, et al. New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 2013, 61(3):167-234. doi: 10.1071/BT12225
[26]	王关林, 方宏筠. 植物基因工程实验技术指南[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2016.
[27]	徐敏, 刘君, 阿衣古力阿布都瓦依提. 植物生理实验教学中叶绿素提取方法比较[J]. 实验科学与技术, 2018, 16(4):129-133.
[28]	蔡庆生主编. 植物生理学第3版[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2023.
[29]	HUANG Zhijun, LIU Qingqing, AN Bo, et al. Effects of planting density on morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in different positions on Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings[J]. Forests, 2021, 12(7):853. doi: 10.3390/f12070853
[30]	杜从艳, 舒秀阁, 杨蕾, 等. 3个冬枣品种(系)叶片形态与光合特性的初步比较[J]. 经济林研究, 2025, 43(1):86-93.
[31]	韩固, 董雪, 段瑞兵, 等. 乌兰布和沙漠植物光合特性与叶结构及N、P间的关系[J/OL]. 林业科学研究,1-10[2025-09-19].https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.1221.s.20250605.1436.001.
[32]	王向英, 张杰, 孟会生, 等. 不同浓度纳米铈和离子铈对小油菜生理指标的影响[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 41(3):69-78.
[33]	李娟霞, 田青. 兰州市6种园林植物叶片形态和光合生理特征[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(1):72-80.
[34]	AKRAM M A, WANG Xiaoting, SHRESTHA N, et al. Variations and driving factors of leaf functional traits in the dominant desert plant species along an environmental gradient in the drylands of China[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 897:165394. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165394
[35]	GARNIER E, SHIPLEY B, ROUMET C, et al. A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content[J]. Functional Ecology, 2001, 15(5):688-695. doi: 10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00563.x
[36]	LI Shanjia, WANG Hui, GOU Wei, et al. Leaf functional traits of dominant desert plants in the Hexi Corridor,Northwestern China:Trade-off relationships and adversity strategies[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2021, 28:e01666. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01666
[37]	娜仁花. 西鄂尔多斯孑遗植物干旱胁迫生理响应研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2007.
[38]	张恒硕, 查同刚, 李肖, 等. 冀北地区6种灌木对干旱胁迫的光合及生理响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(2):352-362.
[39]	SUN Tianhu, RAO Sombir, ZHOU Xuesong, et al. Plant carotenoids:recent advances and future perspectives[J]. Molecular Horticulture, 2022, 2(1):1-21. doi: 10.1186/s43897-021-00022-9
[40]	MASLOVA T G, MARKOVSKAYA E F, SLEMNEV N N. Functions of carotenoids in leaves of higher plants(Review)[J]. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 2021, 11(5):476-487. doi: 10.1134/S2079086421050078
[41]	NISHIMURA M, SAKURAI H, TAKAMIYA A. Wavelength dependency of the inhibition of Hill reaction and the analysis of the process by flashing light[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1964, 79:241-248. pmid: 14163509
[42]	DONOVAN L A, MAHERALI H, CARUSO C M, et al. The evolution of the worldwide leaf economics spectrum[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2011, 26(2):88-95. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.11.011
[43]	董梦宇, 王金鑫, 吴萌, 等. 两种香花芥属植物叶片结构及光合特性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(7):172-184. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2021425
[44]	SILVERIO M J, SCALON Q P D S, SANTOS C C, et al. Gas exchange and antioxidant metabolism of Cedrela fissilis Vell. seedlings under varying water and light availability[J]. Flora, 2025,330152793-152793.DOI:10.1016/J.FLORA.2025.152793.
[45]	VIOLE C, NAVAS ML, VILE D, et al. Let the concept of trait be functional![J]. OIKOS, 2007, 116(5):882-892. doi: 10.1111/oik.2007.116.issue-5

种名	科	属	株高/m	冠幅/m	基径/dm
四合木(Tetraena mongolica)	蒺藜科(Zygophyllaceae)	四合木属(Tetraena)	0.327±0.042	0.570±0.027	0.622±0.036
沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)	豆科(Fabaceae)	沙冬青属(Ammopiptanthus)	0.695±0.051	0.840±0.064	1.723±0.083
蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	0.652±0.027	0.775±0.033	1.434±0.077
绵刺(Potaninia mongolica)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	绵刺属(Potaninia)	0.165±0.022	0.415±0.024	0.551±0.034

指标	四合木 (Tetraena mongolica)	沙冬青 (Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)	蒙古扁桃 (Prunus mongolica)	绵刺 (Potaninia mongolica)
叶面积A_L/cm²	0.101±0.088c	2.307±1.314a	0.334± 0.266b	0.033±0.023c
比叶面积A_SL/(cm²/g)	36.237±5.224c	59.585±9.675b	73.232±16.972ab	83.829±0.082a
比叶质量m_LMA/(g/cm²)	0.028±0.004a	0.017±0.003b	0.014± 0.004b	0.012±0.000b
叶干物质含量c_LDMC/(g/g)	0.558±0.036a	0.389±0.036b	0.346± 0.016c	0.243±0.011d
叶片相对含水量w_RWC/%	74.545±1.225a	51.021±1.732c	60.386± 1.046b	34.534±1.002d