汶川县土地利用景观格局变化分析

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用地理信息系统和遥感技术,分析区域土地利用景观格局时空变化特征,可为探索区域生态环境变化和生态系统的稳定性提供技术支撑。以四川省汶川县为研究区,采用土地利用综合程度指数和景观生态指数,对该区域土地利用景观格局时空演变特征进行分析。结果表明:1)2007—2020年期间汶川县耕地、林地面积总体减少,建设用地面积总体呈增加趋势。2)汶川县土地利用综合指数呈现增长趋势。2007—2014年,汶川县东北部和东南部的镇土地利用程度综合指数回升较快;2014—2020年,汶川县西部的镇土地利用程度综合指数变化较大,在人工措施和自然修复作用下,植被恢复较好,土地利用结构日趋合理。3)2007—2020年,汶川县的斑块密度、景观形状指数总体呈先升高后降低的趋势,聚集度指数总体呈先降低后升高的趋势,表明地震造成区域景观破碎化程度加剧,景观异质性升高,景观斑块间的连通性较低,生态环境显著变差;随着灾后重建和生态保护的修复,地震等灾害的影响逐渐减弱,区域景观破碎化程度逐渐减小,景观异质性降低,景观破碎化程度、景观形状、景观斑块间连通性基本恢复到地震前水平,区域生态环境逐步改善。

关键词: 遥感, 土地利用, 景观格局, 汶川县

Abstract:

The use of Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing technology to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in regional land use landscape patterns provide technical support for understanding ecological environmental changes and ecosystem stability.Taking Wenchuan County,Sichuan Province as the research area,the spatiotemporal evolution of land use patterns is analyzed using the comprehensive land use index and landscape ecological index methods.1)From 2007 to 2020,the total areas of cultivated land and forest land in Wenchuan County decreased,while the area of construction land increased.2)The comprehensive land use index in Wenchuan County showed an increasing trend.Between 2007 and 2014,the land use index in towns and villages in the northeastern and southeastern parts of Wenchuan County rebounded rapidly.From 2014 to 2020,the land use index in the western towns of Wenchuan County underwent significant changes.Through a combination of artificial measures and natural restoration,vegetation recovery improved and the land use structure became increasingly reasonable.3)From 2007 to 2020,the patch density and landscape shape index in Wenchuan County initially increased,then decreased,while the aggregation index showed an initial decrease followed by an increase.These trends indicate that the earthquakes initially intensified landscape fragmentation,increased heterogeneity,reduced connectivity between landscape patches,and significantly degraded the ecological environment.However,driven by factors such as post-disaster reconstruction and ecological protection and restoration,the impact of earthquakes and other disasters gradually weakened.As a result,landscape fragmentation decreased,landscape heterogeneity reduced,and landscape shape and connectivity between patches returned to pre-earthquake levels.The regional ecological environment gradually improved.

Key words: remote sensing, land use, landscape pattern, Wenchuan County

中图分类号:

TP79

曾双贝, 张大为, 杜宗义. 汶川县土地利用景观格局变化分析[J]. 林草资源研究, 2024,(4): 70-77.

ZENG Shuangbei, ZHANG Dawei, DU Zongyi. Analysis of Changes in Land Use Landscape Pattern in Wenchuan County[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2024,(4): 70-77.

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土地利用类型	2007年	2014年	2020年
耕地	136.7	147.4	127.4
林地	2 933.3	2 914.1	2 932.4
建设用地	5.8	8.7	9.1

乡镇	综合指数			变化率
乡镇	2007年	2014年	2020年	2007—2014年	2014—2020年
绵虒镇	203.71	203.80	203.60	0.04	-0.10
威州镇	210.40	212.13	212.06	0.82	-0.03
水磨镇	218.25	217.96	214.25	-0.13	-1.71
耿达镇	190.79	190.05	188.94	-0.39	-0.59
灞州镇	205.22	205.74	205.43	0.25	-0.15
卧龙镇	194.46	193.69	194.70	-0.39	0.52
漩口镇	216.58	215.77	211.02	-0.38	-2.20
映秀镇	205.50	206.96	205.03	0.71	-0.93
三江镇	201.18	201.62	201.43	0.22	-0.10