入侵植物化感物质作用机制及缓解措施研究进展

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2026.02.012

林草资源研究 ›› 2026›› Issue (2): 125-136.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2026.02.012

• 综述 • 上一篇

入侵植物化感物质作用机制及缓解措施研究进展

桂晴¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 杨建欣¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 马长乐¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵()

¹ 西南林业大学西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室, 昆明 650224
² 西南林业大学西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 昆明 650224
³ 西南林业大学云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室, 昆明 650224
⁴ 西南林业大学园林园艺学院, 昆明 650224
⁵ 国家林业和草原局西南风景园林工程技术研究中心, 昆明 650224

收稿日期:2025-08-19 修回日期:2026-04-08 出版日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2026-09-30
通讯作者: 马长乐,教授,主要从事植物种质资源保护与利用研究。Email:mcl@swfu.edu.cn
作者简介:桂晴,博士研究生,主要从事园林植物与应用研究。Email:gsm3511@163.com
基金资助:
西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室、西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业和草原局重点实验室、云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室开放课题“云南大头茶属植物叶功能性状及其叶经济谱对异质生境的响应机制研究”(LXXK-2023M05);云南省农业联合专项重点项目“中国大头茶属物种多样性分布格局的生态与进化机制”(202301BD070001-150)

Research progress on mechanisms and mitigation strategies of allelochemicals in invasive plant

GUI Qing¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), YANG Jianxin¹^,²^,³^,⁴, MA Changle¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵()

¹ Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education,Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
² Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration Kunming 650224,Yunnan, China
³ Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Forest Understory Resources Conservation and Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224,Yunnan, China
⁴ Southwest Forestry University, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science, Kunming 650224,Yunnan, China
⁵ Southwest Engineering and Technology Research Center for Landscape Architecture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224,Yunnan, China

Received:2025-08-19 Revised:2026-04-08 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2026-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

入侵植物是危害最广泛、最持久的入侵生物类群之一,严重破坏生态系统结构与功能。当前,入侵植物化感作用研究仍存在物种覆盖范围有限、室内模拟实验占比高、群落尺度互作研究不足等问题,难以全面阐释入侵植物的化学竞争机制。系统梳理入侵植物化感物质的组成、释放机制及化感抑制等方面的研究进展,明确了入侵植物主要通过雨雾淋溶、根系分泌等途径释放酚酸类、萜类、黄酮类等化感物质,从而抑制本土植物生长。同时,部分入侵植物的化感物质具有自毒效应,可在一定程度上约束入侵物种种群无限制扩张。此外,氮沉降可调控入侵植物与本土植物的化感竞争能力。未来研究应聚焦于植物群落尺度,结合多维度生态视角,深入解析全球尺度下入侵植物化感效应对植物群落构建与演替的调控机制,以深化对植物入侵机理的认识,为构建生物入侵预警体系、研发入侵植物绿色防控技术提供理论依据。

关键词: 入侵植物, 化感作用, 化感物质构成, 释放机制

Abstract:

Invasive plants are among the most widespread and persistent invasive taxa,severely disrupting ecosystem structure and function.Current research allelopathic effects of invasive plants is constrained by limited species coverage,a high proportion of laboratory simulation experiments,and insufficient studies on community-scale interactions,which impede the systematic elucidation of chemically mediated competition mechanisms.By synthesizing reviewing advances in the composition,release mechanisms,and allelopathic inhibition of allelochemicals,this review reveals that invasive plants primarily release phenolic acids,terpenoids,and flavonoids through rainfall leaching and root exudation to suppress native plant growth.Notably,some invasive plant allelochemicals also exhibit autotoxic effects,which may partially restrict excessive population expansion of invasive species.Future research should focus on plant community scales and integrate multidimensional ecological perspectives to clarify how allelopathy modulates plant community assembly and succession under global change.These findings provide theoretical support for understanding plant invasion mechanisms,supporting the development of early-warning frameworks and sustainable management strategies for invasive plant species.

Key words: invasive plants, allelopathy, allelochemical composition, release mechanisms

中图分类号:

S459

桂晴, 杨建欣, 马长乐. 入侵植物化感物质作用机制及缓解措施研究进展[J]. 林草资源研究, 2026,(2): 125-136.

GUI Qing, YANG Jianxin, MA Changle. Research progress on mechanisms and mitigation strategies of allelochemicals in invasive plant[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2026,(2): 125-136.

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入侵植物	释放部位	主要化感物质	参考文献
南美蟛蜞菊 Sphagneticola trilobata	茎叶	Α-水芹烯(α-phellandrene)、柠檬烯(Limonene)、对伞花烃(p-Cymene)	[20]
肿柄菊 Tithonia diversifolia	全株	1β-甲氧基五味子叶素(1β-methoxydiversifolin)、肿柄菊内酯A(tagitinin A)、肿柄菊内酯C(tagitinin C)	[21]
微甘菊 Mikania micrantha	残体和根系	米卡诺内酯(mikanolide)、脱氧米卡诺内酯(deoxymikanolide)、蔓生内酯(scandenolide)、二氢蔓生内酯(dihydroscandenolide)、二氢米卡诺内酯(dihydromikanolide)	[22]
豚草 Ambrosia artemisiifolia	根系	Eudesmanol A、Eudesmanol B、13-trihydroxyeudesm-7(11)-en-6α,12-olide	[23]
五爪金龙 Ipomoea cairica	叶	β-柏木烯(β-Cedrene)、石竹烯(β-Caryophyllene)、肉桂酸(Cinnamic acid)、月桂酸(Lauric acid)	[24]
土荆芥 Dysphania ambrosioides	果实、叶	α-松油烯(α-Terpinene)、驱蛔素(Ascaridole)	[25]
土荆芥 Dysphania ambrosioides	根系	棕榈酸(Palmitic acid)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate)	[25]

入侵植物	主要化感物质	作用机制	参考文献
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata	槲皮素Quercetin、山柰酚Kaempferol	破坏植物线粒体功能,抑制叶绿体光系统Ⅱ的光合效率	[78]
北美车前 Plantago virginica	4-甲基儿茶酚4-methylcatechol	干扰活性氧代谢稳态	[79]
白茅 Imperata cylindrica	烟叶酮Tabanone、异丁香酚Isoeugenol	破坏细胞膜完整性以及抑制光合作用	[80]
肿柄菊 Tithonia diversifolia	1β-甲氧基五味子叶素1βmethoxydiversifolin	干扰细胞分裂、破坏细胞膜完整性, 抑制受体植物生长	[81]
马缨丹 Lantana camara	Lantadene A、Lantadene B	抑制受体植物生长	[82]
三裂叶豚草 Ambrosia trifida	对香豆酸Coumaric acid、阿魏酸Ferulic acid	抑制受体植物生长	[83]
紫茎泽兰 Ageratina adenophora	泽兰二酮9-Oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone、羟基泽兰酮9βHydroxyageraphorone	破坏细胞膜、阻碍呼吸、扰乱激素与水分平衡	[84]
紫茉莉 Mirabilis jalapa	β-谷甾醇β-Sitosterol	抑制植物种子萌发与幼苗生长	[85]
黄顶菊 Mirabilis jalapa	紫云英苷Astragalin	改变土壤细菌群落结构	[86]

入侵植物化感物质作用机制及缓解措施研究进展

Research progress on mechanisms and mitigation strategies of allelochemicals in invasive plant

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