干旱胁迫对乌拉尔虫实叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究干旱区植被恢复中重要经济草本对干旱胁迫的生理响应机制,以1a生草本植物乌拉尔虫实(Corispermum squarrosum)为研究对象,通过盆栽控水试验,设置对照(CK)、轻度干旱(LD)、中度干旱(MD)和重度干旱(ED)4个土壤水分处理[土壤田间持水量分别为(90±5)%、(70±5)%、(50±5)%和(30±5)%],分析干旱胁迫下乌拉尔虫实叶片气体交换参数与叶绿素荧光参数的变化特征。结果表明:1)乌拉尔虫实光合生理对于轻度土壤干旱不敏感。与CK相比,LD处理下仅气孔导度(G_s)和实际光化学效率( $Ф P S I I$ )显著降低,降幅分别为22.86%和22.09%。2)MD处理下乌拉尔虫实对干旱的响应主要表现为气体交换受到显著限制。与CK相比,MD处理下乌拉尔虫实的P_n、G_s、T_r、Ф_PSII分别显著降低61.04%、42.86%、62.50%和39.13%,其他参数则无显著变化。3)ED处理下,乌拉尔虫实的气体交换特性发生显著变化。与CK相比,其P_n、G_s、T_r分别显著降低77.06%、60.00%、81.25%,而水分利用效率(WUE)显著提高19.33%。其叶绿素荧光显著降低,最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、Ф_PSII、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)分别显著降低28.24%、65.22%和54.84%。光系统II活性降低是导致ED处理净光合速率下调的主要因素。阐明乌拉尔虫实叶片气体交换参数与叶绿素荧光参数的变化特征,可为干旱与半干旱地区林草良种筛选和植被恢复实践提供理论依据。

关键词: 乌拉尔虫实, 气体交换, 叶绿素荧光, 干旱胁迫, 气孔导度

Abstract:

To investigate the physiological response mechanisms of important economic herbaceous plants used in vegetation restoration in arid regions under drought stress,the annual herbaceous plant Corispermum squarrosum as the research object.Through pot experiment on water control,four different soil moisture treatments were established:control (CK),light drought (LD),moderate drought (MD),and extreme drought (ED).The soil moisture contents under these treatments were (90±5)%,(70±5)%,(50±5)%,and (30±5)%,respectively.The changes in gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Sami leaves under drought stress were analyzed..The results showed that:1)The photosynthetic physiology of C.squarrosum was insensitive to light drought.Compared with the CK,only the stomatal conductance(G_s)and the actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_PSII)in the LD were significantly reduced by 22.86% and 22.09%,respectively.2)Under the MD,C.squarrosum primarily exhibited significant gas exchange limitations.Compared to the CK treatment,the net photosynthetic rate(P_n),G_s,transpiration rate(T_r),and Φ_PSII decreased significantly by 61.04%,42.86%,62.50%,and 39.13%,respectively.While other parameters showed no significant difference between the CK and MD treatments.3)Under the ED,the gas exchange characteristics of C.squarrosum underwent significant changes.Compared to the CK treatment,gas exchange parameters P_n,G_s,and T_r in the ED were significantly reduced by 77.06%,60.00%,and 81.25%,respectively,whereas the water use efficiency(WUE)increased by 19.33%.For chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),Φ_PSII,and photochemical quenching(q_P)decreased significantly by 28.24%,65.22%,and 54.84%,respectively.The reduction in Photosystem II activity was identified as the primary factor leading to the decrease in net photosynthetic rate under the ED treatment.Elucidating the changing characteristics of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in C.squarrosum provides a solid theoretical basis for the selection of improved plant materials and vegetation restoration practices in arid and semi-arid regions.

Key words: Corispermum squarrosum, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, drought stress, stomatal conductance

中图分类号:

张家琦, 方健梅, 张月莹, 郑冬梅, 徐铭泽. 干旱胁迫对乌拉尔虫实叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J]. 林草资源研究, 2025,(4): 42-51.

ZHANG Jiaqi, FANG Jianmei, ZHANG Yueying, ZHENG Dongmei, XU Mingze. Effects of drought stress on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Corispermum squarrosum[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2025,(4): 42-51.

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