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林草资源研究 ›› 2025›› Issue (4): 52-61.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.04.006

• 科学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于无人机激光雷达的贺兰山青海云杉林空间结构分析与促进更新模拟研究

李佳妮1(), 胡杨2, 杨君珑1()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学 林业与草业学院,银川 750021
    2.宁夏大学 生态环境学院,银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-20 修回日期:2025-07-20 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2026-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 杨君珑,副教授,博士,主研究方向为森林生态与森林经营管理。Email:yangjunlong@nxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李佳妮,硕士研究生,主研究方向为森林生态。Email:2658382437@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    银川市科技创新项目“贺兰山(银川段)森林生态系统生态产品价值”(2023SFZD04);宁夏重点研发计划“宁夏山地乔-灌-草固碳潜力及驱动因素关键技术研究与示范”(2022BEG03050);国家自然科学基金项目“基于高光谱和激光雷达数据的森林生物量估测研究”(32101524)

Analysis of spatial structure based on UAV-LiDAR and simulation of regeneration promotion of Picea crassifolia forests in Helan Mountains

LI Jiani1(), HU Yang2, YANG Junlong1()   

  1. 1. School of Forestry and Grassland science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2. College of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2024-09-20 Revised:2025-07-20 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2026-02-13

摘要:

森林空间结构评价及优化决策是提升森林质量的关键,可为森林经营决策提供科学参考。以宁夏贺兰山2个不同结构特征的青海云杉林样地为研究对象,基于无人机激光雷达获取大尺度森林空间数据,计算其角尺度(W)、大小比数(U)和Hegyi竞争指数(Ic),分析青海云杉林的空间结构特征及模拟采伐对林分空间格局的影响。结果表明:1)2个青海云杉林样地中,多数林木呈随机分布,少量呈聚集分布;整体上各大小比数等级间的频数分布无显著差异;竞争指数均以零度和轻度竞争为主。2)在林分空间结构优化模拟中,样地1和样地2分别采伐153株(8.8%)和204株(11.2%)。优化后,角尺度分别下降7.35%和5.60%,大小比数分别降低7.11%和9.46%,竞争指数分别下降37.5%和28.57%;同时分别增加6个林窗(总面积8 800 m2)和11个林窗(总面积7 200 m2)。通过无人机激光雷达可快速精准获得林分空间信息,采用角尺度和大小比数等空间参数分析能够准确确定林分结构化采伐方案,构建林窗,有效改善林下环境,促进森林更新。

关键词: 青海云杉, 空间结构, 林窗, 模拟采伐, 结构化经营

Abstract:

Evaluation and optimization of forest spatial structure are pivotal for enhancing forest quality and providing scientific references for forest management decisions.This study investigated two Picea crassifolia forest plots with distinct structural characteristics in the Helan Mountains,Ningxia.Large-scale spatial data were acquired via UAV LiDAR,enabling the calculation of spatial indices:the uniform angle index (W),neighborhood comparison (U),and the Hegyi competition index (Ic).Spatial structural characteristics were analyzed.The results show that:1) In both plots,tree distributions were predominantly random with minimal clustering;the frequency of size dominance classes showed no significant differences;competition was primarily null to low intensity.2) In the stand spatial structure optimization simulation,153 trees (8.8%) and 204 trees (11.2%) were harvested in sample plots 1 and 2,respectively.After optimization,the angular scale decreased by 7.35% and 5.60%,the size ratio decreased by 7.11% and 9.46%,the competition index decreased by 37.5% and 28.57%,and the number of canopy gaps increased by 6 gaps (covering 8 800 m2) and 11 gaps (covering 7 200 m2),respectively.UAV-LiDAR enables rapid and precise spatial data acquisition.Spatial indices (the uniform angle index,neighborhood comparison) effectively guide structural thinning prescriptions and gap-based regeneration strategies,improving understory conditions and promoting forest regeneration.

Key words: Picea crassifolia, spatial structure, canopy gap, simulation harvesting, structural management

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