Table of Content

28 October 2025, Issue 5

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Policy Discussion

Research on the willingness of forest farmers to participate in the national reserve forest project based on the theory of planned behavior: A case study of Congjiang county,Guizhou Province

MENG Chengjian, SONG Junwei, ZHANG Jiyuan, LI Nan

2025,(5):  1-10.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.001

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The national reserve forest project holds profound ecological and economic significance and serves as a vital carrier for advancing rural revitalization.Enhancing the enthusiasm and initiative of forest farmers is crucial for effectively promoting the advancement of the national reserve forest project.Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB),this study utilizes survey data from 214 forest farmers in Congjiang County,Guizhou Province,and employs a structural equation model to analyze the factors influencing their willingness to participate in the project.The resultsindicate that:1)Subjective norms exert the most substantial influence on participation willingness,followed by environmental values and behavioral attitudes,whereas perceived behavioral control has no direct impact.2)Regarding subjective norms,the support from social network relationships,particularly the support provided by the government and village (residential,community) committees,can significantly stimulate participation willingness.3)In terms of behavioral attitudes,higher economic expectations correlate with stronger participation willingness.4)Environmental values negativelyaffect participation willingness,which may stem from insufficient cognitive awareness.To address these issues,targeted measures are recommended across four dimensions:targeting economic demands and capability deficits to optimize behavioral attitudes; strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration to play the guiding role of subjective norms; dismantling capability and information barriers to improve perceived behavioral control; and correcting cognitive biases to transform environmental values.This will effectively enhance the enthusiasm and participation willingness,promote the high-quality implementation of the national reserve forest project,and achieve the deep integration and coordinated development of ecological protection,industrial development and rural revitalization.

Impact of digital-forestry integration on rural residents’ income in mountainous areas—From a dual perspective of human capital and employment opportunities

XU Caiyao, YAN Lu, WU Yunxi, LU Yu, KONG Fanbin, YANG Wujian

2025,(5):  11-24.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.002

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Exploring the impact and transmission mechanisms of the deep integration of the digital economy and the forestry industry(referred to as “digital-forestry integration” for short)on the income of rural residents in mountainous areas can provide theoretical support and practical implications for promoting income growth and common prosperity in mountainous rural areas.With the county-level panel data from 26 mountainous counties in Zhejiang Province from 2001 to 2023,we empirically analyze the impact and mechanism of digital-forestry integration on the income of rural residents in mountainous areas by using a benchmark regression model,a mediating effect model,and a panel threshold effect model.The results show that:1) digital-forestry integration can significantly increase the income of rural residents in mountainous areas,and this effect is more prominent in regions adopting an ecological development model and ordinary counties than in those adopting a leapfrog development model and county-level cities(districts).2) the upgrading of human capital and the expansion of employment opportunities are two important channels through which digital-forestry integration improves the income of rural residents in mountainous areas.3) the threshold effect test indicates that digital-forestry integration has a single threshold effect with human capital and a double threshold effect with employment opportunities.In summary,accelerating the integrated development of the digital economy and the forestry industry,as well as promoting the upgrading of human capital and the expansion of employment opportunities,can effectively boost the income growth of rural residents in mountainous areas.

Spatiotemporal variation analysis of grassland vegetation coverage in the Three-River-Source National Park (Tangbei Area)in 2000-2023

HE Ziwei, LIU Zhijun

2025,(5):  25-31.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.003

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To clarify the spatiotemporal changes and distribution patterns of grassland fractional vegetation cover(FVC)in the Three-River-Source National Park(Tangbei Area)from 2000 to 2023,we quantified the dynamic variations in grassland vegetation under different FVC levels,and explored the correlation between vegetation changes and precipitation variations the sake of for grassland ecological conservation and sustainable development in the region.Using MODIS NDVI products as the data source and combining them with field measurements from established grassland plots,the corresponding NDVI values were extracted as model variables.Regression analysis was employed to fit ground-based measurements with remote sensing data,and the optimal equation was selected to invert FVC in the study area over the past two decades(2000-2023).The results indicate that:(1)High-FVC grassland vegetation is primarily distributed in the southeastern part of the study area.(2)Grassland FVC shows an overall improving trend.The proportion of high and medium-high FVC grassland areas increased by 65.14% and 15.77% respectively,while the proportion of medium,medium-low,and low FVC grassland areas decreased by 18.87%,26.24%,and 18.45% respectively.(3)Vegetation coverage is influenced to some extent by precipitation variations.The proportion of high and medium-high FVC grassland areas shows a positive correlation with annual precipitation(Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.37 and 0.28 respectively).In contrast,the proportion of medium,medium-low,and low FVC grassland areas exhibits a negative correlation with annual precipitation(Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.34,0.31,and 0.12 respectively).From 2000 to 2023,the ecological condition of grasslands in the Three-River-Source National Park(Tangbei Area)improved significantly.There was a substantial increase in high and medium-high FVC grassland areas and a reduction in medium-low and low FVC grassland areas,reflecting the positive effects of ecological protection and restoration projects.Additionally,vegetation changes exhibited a significant correlation with precipitation.Grasslands of different coverage levels,except for low-FVC areas,showed a sensitive response to increased precipitation.

Spatiotemporal variation of fractional vegetation cover in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Gansu Province and its response to natural and human factors

WANG Yating, YANG Qing

2025,(5):  32-43.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.004

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To investigate the spatiotemporal variation trend of fractional vegetation cover(FVC)in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Gansu Province from 2000 to 2024 and to elucidate the influence of natural and human factors on its change. This study utilized the monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data,which were obtained by the maximum synthesis method,and FVC was subsequently inverted using the Pixel Dichotomy Model.Spatial auto-correlation analysis and GeoDetector model were employed to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics and spatial agglomeration effect of FVC,as well as to quantify its response to natural and human factors. This study indicated:1)From 2000 to 2024,the fractional vegetation cover in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Gansu Province exhibited a temporal trend of "gradual increase followed by a sharp decline" with significant differences between regional variation,and the proportion of areas with low and lower medium vegetation coverage exceed 50%,indicating significant ecological degradation.2)FVC showed significant spatial heterogeneity and clustering.Its spatial distribution followed the a pattern of "higher in the south and lower in the north,higher at the periphery and lower in the interior". The degradation degree of the southern region was worsethan that of the northern.High FVC value was concentrated in the southern ecological barrier region,where as the low values were clustered in the northern transition zone. 3)The Geo Detector results showed that all factors had significant effects on FVC change (P<0.05),with precipitation,temperature and elevation being the core driving factors. The explanatory power of the factors interactions was consistentlygreater than that of any single factor,with the interaction between precipitation and other factor sbeing the most powerful. However,the increasing explanatory power of human factors suggests the deepening coupling of human-environment system. In the face of the dual pressure of global climate change and human activities,it is urgent to pay attention to the coordinated development of nature and society in ecologically fragile areas and actively explore the human-environmentcoupling pathway to achieve regional sustainable development.

Prediction of carbon storage and carbon sink potential of ecological public welfare forests in Taiyuan city

CUI Xiaoling, GAO Hanbo, HU Zhenhua, ZHANG Hanyu, YANG Bin, LIU Bingjie

2025,(5):  44-52.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.005

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This study aim to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics and trends of carbon storage in in Taiyuan City’s ecological public forests and to assess their carbon sink potential.The findings provide scientific basis for the sustainable regional forests management and the enhancement of carbon sink functions.The ecological public forest inventory resource data of Taiyuan City in 2018 and 2023 were used to estimate carbon storage using a stand biomass model.The carbon storage,carbon density and carbon sink characteristics of different tree species,forest origins and age groups were analyzed.Furthermore,a Logistic empirical model was employed to simulate the dynamics of carbon storage and predict its future sink potential.The results showed:1) From 2018 to 2023,the total carbon storage of ecological public forest stands increased from 2.24 Tg to 3.14 Tg.Middle-aged forests contributed the most to carbon storage,with Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus spp.having the highest values.2) The carbon density of natural forests is higher than that of planted forests.Among all species,Picea asperata,Larix principis-rupprechtii,and Betula L.exhibited the highest carbon densities.3) Projection indicate that the total carbon storage of ecological public forest stands in Taiyuan City will reach 7.21 Tg by 2060,4.07 Tg increase from 2023.The high proportion of young and middle-aged forestssuggests significant future carbon sink potential.Theoverallcarbon storage of ecological public forests in Taiyuan City shows an increasing trend.By adjusting and optimizing the age structure of forests,it is helpful to improve forest quality and further increase carbon storage and overall carbon sink capacity.Protecting and enhancing existing forest resources and improving forest quality are a key strategy for promoting carbon sequestration.

Regulatory effects of compound growth regulators (IAA+NAA) on the cutting propagation of Dalbergia odorifera

YANG Xiaoli, CHEN Feifei, HUANG Chuanteng, LIN Ling, CHEN Lin, LI Guoyun, DONG Xiaona, ZHANG Mengwen

2025,(5):  53-62.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.006

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To optimize the cutting propagation technical system of Dalbergia odorifera and resolve the technical bottleneck of its low rooting efficiency,a two-factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound growth regulators(IAA+NAA)on its cutting propagation.The results demonstrated that:1)Hormone concentration,soaking time,and their interaction exerted highly significant effects(P<0.01)on key growth parameters,including rooting rate,root dry weight,and total root length.Further analysis revealed a nonlinear response of most measured traits to hormone concentration,with the 400 mg/L treatment yielding optimal performance across multiple indicators.Specifically,the C2T1 treatment(400 mg/L for 10 s)resulted in a rooting rate of 92.5%,a root dry weight of 0.035g,and significantly enhanced total root length,number of new shoots,and shoot dry weight compared to other treatments.2)The impact of soaking time was concentration-dependent:extended soaking improved rooting at low concentration(200 mg/L),whereas shorter durations(10 s to 1 min)were more beneficial at medium to high concentrations,and prolonged soaking(60 min)strongly inhibited growth.3)Correlation analysis indicated that rooting rate was significantly positively correlated with root dry weight(P<0.05)and highly significantly correlated with maximum root length,total root length,root number,shoot number,and shoot dry weight(P<0.01).Additionally,root dry weight was also highly significantly correlated with shoot dry weight,suggesting a synergistic relationship between the root system and aboveground growth.4)Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that C2T1 as the optimal treatment,with its comprehensive score significantly surpassing those of other combinations.In conclusion,this study establishes a “medium concentration-short duration” strategy as highly effective for the cutting propagation of D.odorifera,providing a theoretical insights and practical parameters for large-scale asexual propagation of this valuable species.

Relationships between leaf morphological structure and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of four relict plants in Western Ordos

LU Xueyan, GAO Runhong, MAN Xin, JIA Fangbin, JI Yufei, LIU Jingsong

2025,(5):  63-74.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.007

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Desert plants adapt to arid environments through the synergistic regulation of leaf morphological structures and photosynthetic physiology.To elucidate the relationship between leaf morphological structures and photosynthetic physiological characteristics and to explore the drought adaptation strategies of typical relict plants in Western Ordos,4 representative species(Tetraena mongolica,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,Prunus mongolica,and Potaninia mongolica)were investigated.Leaf morphological traits and photosynthetic physiological parameters were comprehensively quantified,and correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)were employed to elucidate their relationships and identify key morphological factors regulating photosynthetic performance.The results showed that:1)Significant differences in leaf morphology were observed among the 4 species(P<0.05).2)The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate in the four species exhibited a pronounced midday depression,and intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased in response to reduced stomatal conductance,indicating that stomatal regulation plays aprimary role in environmental adaptation.3)leaf morphology was intricately correlated with photosynthetic physiology,with leaf dry matter content(c_LDMC)identified as the core driver of photosynthetic variation,exerting an inhibitory effect on both light utilization and water regulation.4)The distinct species have formulated unique drought-adaptation strategies through the differential synergy of structural and functional traits.Specifically,Tetraena mongolica relies on high water-use efficiency,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus strikes a balance between light acquisition and water conservation;Prunus mongolica enhance its pigment system to strengthen stress resistance;and Potaninia mongolica utilizes small leaf area and high specific leaf area to achieve efficient resource acquisition.In conclusion,desert plants of western Ordos exhibit diverse drought-adaptation mechanisms,with c_LDMC playing a pivotal role in regulating photosynthetic physiology.

Lightresponse characteristics of Quercus aquifolioides seedlings under Phosphorus addition

LI Xiang, ZENG Jiaqin, DUN Zhen

2025,(5):  75-84.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.008

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By revealing how Quercus aquifolioides responds to phosphorus(P)addition in terms of photosynthetic characteristics,data support for its high-quality and efficient cultivation and germplasm evaluation were provided.With Quercus aquifolioides seedlings of different forest ages as the research object,we set up gradient phosphorus addition treatments and determined the leaf light response curves and photosynthetic parameters using a Li-6800 portable photosynthesis system.Three photosynthetic models were selected to fit the light response curves,and the optimal model suitable for the leaves of Q.aquifolioides was screened out based on the fitting parameters.The differences in photosynthetic parameters of seedlings under different phosphorus addition levels were compared and analyzed to clarify the regulatory effect of phosphorus addition on their photosynthetic characteristics,thereby revealing the response mechanism of photosynthetic characteristics of Q.aquifolioides to phosphorus addition.The results showed that:1)the leaf drifting model performed the best in all groups,with R²>0.98.The values of RSS and MSE were the lowest,and the fitted parameters such as maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_nmax)were closest to the measured values.2)There were significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between different treatment groups.The P_nmax was highest in the one-year low-P addition group,the light saturation point(LSP)was highest in the three-year control group,the apparent quantum efficiency(α)was highest in the one-year control group,and the light compensation point(LCP)was lowest in the three-year low-P addition group.3)Phosphorus addition significantly enhanced the midday depression of photosynthesis in three-year Q.aquifolioides seedlings.Based on comprehensive analysis,the characteristic parameters and fitting effect of the leaf drifting model are superior to those of the other two models,and it can be used as the best fitting model for the light response curve of Q.aquifolioides.The photosynthetic physiology of one-year high-mountain oak seedlings in Sichuan and Yunnan was optimal at a phosphorus addition concentration of 0.5 g per plant.The results provide a scientific basis for the high-quality and efficient cultivation and germplasm evaluation of this species.

Effects of 4 composite fermentation inoculants on the substrate conversion of forestry waste

LUO Tanghuizi, CHANG Wenying, YANG Huajun, WEI Liben, WANG Yushu, FENG Dalan, ZHOU Xiaozhou, HUANG Xiaohui

2025,(5):  85-95.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.009

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Screening highly efficient composite fermentation inoculants can enhance the lignin degradation efficiency of forestry waste,effectively resolving challenges such as recalcitrant degradation and prolonged composting cycles.A 45-day aerobic composting experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of 4 inoculants-Beijia Organic Fertilizer Ferment (T1),Henan Nongfukang EM Inoculant (T2),S4 Mixed Inoculant (T3),and Organic Material Decomposer (T4)- on the composting process,product quality,and the growth of Liquidambar formosana seedlings,with an uninoculated treatment serving as the control (CK).The results showed that:1) Compared with the control,all 4 inoculants significantly accelerated the temperature escalation during composting.Among them,T1 exhibited the most rapid temperature increase,entering the thermophilic phase (>50 ℃) on day 3,and maintained the highest average temperature (57.12 ℃) during the thermophilic stage.2) Upon completion of composting,T1 achieved the maximum lignin degradation rate (43.68%),T2 had the highest cellulose degradation rate (42.29%),and T3 ranked second in both (38.32% and 42.17%,respectively).T1 and T2 exhibited the most substantial increments in organic carbon degradation rate and total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents.3) The compost substrate subjected to the T1 treatment yielded the highest seed germination index (49.35%),microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,and dehydrogenase activity,signifying the optimal degree of maturity and the lowest biological toxicity.4) Pot experiments showed that,compared with peat,the substrate prepared with T1 compost significantly increased the total biomass of Liquidambar formosana seedlings by 147.48%-192.31% and the seedling quality index by 96.90%.T2 and T3 also significantly promoted the growth of Liquidambar formosana.The S4 mixed inoculant performed optimally in accelerating the maturation of forestry wastes,improving compost quality,and enhancing seeding growth.This study provides cost-effective and highly efficient inoculant alternatives for the resource utilization of forestry wastes.

Canopy variation in leaf functional traits and seasonal characteristics of ecological strategies in Ulmus pumila ‘Jinye’

WANG Chao, LIU Ting, XU Shuang, CAI Shishu, LAI Zeyu, LU Jie

2025,(5):  96-104.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.010

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To elucidate the multidimensional adaptation mechanisms of Ulmus pumila ‘Jinye’,an urban greening colored-leaf tree species in high-altitude regions,this study quantified eight leaf functional traits[relative chlorophyll content(RCC),specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf volume(LV),leaf tissue density(LTD),leaf relative water content(LRWC),leaf thickness(LT),and leaf area(LA)]across a vertical canopy gradient(upper,middle,and basal layers)during the growing season(May-October)in Linzhi,Xizang.The analysis integrated vertical canopy stratification with the CSR plant ecological strategy model to examine adaptations across spatial and temporal scales.The results showed that:1)The eight functional traits exhibited moderate variation(C_v range:20%-50%)with a "stability-plasticity" dual pattern:leaf relative water content(C_v=7.68%)maintained the highest stability,while relative chlorophyll content(C_v=44.24%)manifested the maximum plasticity.2)Significant trade-offs existed among traits:the photosynthetic trait(SLA)was exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with structural traits(LTD,LDMC)(P<0.01),but positively correlated with water retention capacity(LRWC)(P<0.05),indicating a synergy between photosynthesis and water maintenance.3)Along the vertical canopy gradient,trait combinations shifted from a resource-acquisitive type(higher SLA at the base)to a conservative type(higher LT at the top),reflecting a spatial trade-off between light resource capture and environmental stress.4)Seasonal dynamics revealed a continuous shift in resource allocation toward stress tolerance(S value:increasing from 39% to 66%),accompanied by a decline in reproductive investment(R)and relative stability in competitiveness(C)(19%-27%).This substantiates a resource allocation pattern dominated by stress tolerance,which drove the ecological strategy transition from the stress-tolerant/ruderal/competitive-stress-tolerant-ruderal(SR/CSR)strategy,through the stress-tolerant/competitive-stress-tolerant-ruderal(S/CSR)strategy,to ultimately evolve into the stress-tolerant/competitive-stress-tolerant(S/CS)strategy by the end of the growing season.In conclusion,Ulmus pumila ‘Jinye’ has developed a spatiotemporally complementary multidimensional adaptation mechanism to mitigate high-altitude environmental stress through trait trade-offs and strategic shifts along the vertical canopy gradient and across seasonal dynamics.

Technical Application

Forest land occupation detection in high spatial resolution remote sensing based on spatiotemporal waveband set construction and object-oriented approach

LIU Xiaoshuang, JIA Yili, ZHAO Yibing

2025,(5):  105-113.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.012

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To enhance the automation level and efficiency of forest resource monitoring,we adopted spatiotemporal waveband set construction to meet the requirements of high spatial resolution,large scale,mixed temporal phases,and multi-source data.Object-oriented multi-scale clustering segmentation was employed to conduct change detection in forest-occupied areas.Taking Fengxiang District in Shaanxi Province as an example,data band screening and waveband set construction for two periods(2020 and 2021)were carried out using three types of remote sensing image data:Gaofen-1,Gaofen-6,and Ziyuan-3.Through multi-scale region-growing clustering,pixel-level images were aggregated into object units.At the object level,a threshold was set using the joint features of spectral digital numbers and NDVI to achieve automatic detection of forest-occupied areas.The results show that the spatiotemporal waveband set construction and multi-scale object-oriented segmentation method can effectively separate changed areas from unchanged areas.The automatic detection accuracy of occupied forest land was 82.9%.75.3% of the automatic detection plot contour and the actual occupied land contour were evaluated as "high",and the edge extraction accuracy and detection efficiency had significant advantages.Compared with the mainstream post-classification detection methods based on pixels or object-oriented approaches,this method effectively simplifies the operation process by using high-dimensional segmentation that combines space and time,and can be applied to detect changes in forest-occupied land plots,assisting visual interpretation,thereby improving the detection efficiency of behavior that damages forest resources.

Estimating key attributes of an ancient-tree group using LiDAR-derived individual-tree segmentation data

MENG Haiding, ZHENG Chen, ZENG Weisheng, SUN Zhichao, YU Shiyong, SUN Xiangnan, PANG Junli

2025,(5):  114-120.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.00

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To explore the feasibility of applying remote sensing survey methods in the 3rd National Census of Ancient and Famous Trees,this study used field survey data from one ancient-tree-group subcompartment and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-borne LiDAR individual-tree segmentation data in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park.The analogy method and large-tree-based approach were estimated to be the main characteristics of ancient tree groups,including the total number of ancient trees,the mean diameter at breast height(DBH),mean age,mean height,and mean crown width.Three schemes for selecting ‘large trees’ were designed,and for each scheme,seven sets of ‘large trees’ numbers were set,thus forming 21 combinations for comparison and analysis.The results showed:1)Based on the individual tree segmentation data of LiDAR,the three core factors(the number of ancient trees,mean age,and mean DBH)were estimated directly using the analogy method,with relative errors being within 10%;2)Based on overall consideration of tree height and crown width,‘large trees’ were first selected at a quantity 4 times the number of ancient trees observed in the field,subsequent analogy-based estimation reduced the relative errors of the three core factors to within±3%.These findings demonstrate that surveying ancient tree groups is feasible based on LiDAR from UAV.Selecting the appropriate number of "large trees" firstly based on individual tree segmentation data and then using the analogy method for estimation would minimize the errors to the lowest level.

Review

Research progress on remote sensing of pine wilt disease based on phased prevention and control

YANG Chen, LI Yichen, ZHANG Maobin, LI Xin, SHI Wenjie, ZE Sangzi, MA Yunqiang

2025,(5):  121-128.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.013

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Pine wilt disease(PWD),characterized by rapid onset and high mortality rate constitutes a severe threat to forest ecological security in China.Consequntly,the timely and accurate monitoring of infected trees is imperative for mitigating its spread..Centered on the physiological and morphological attributes of PWD-infected pine trees across varying disease stages(early,middle,late,and terminal),this paper systematically reviews the monitoring principles and research progress in remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,and multi-source remote sensing data fusion technologies.The analysis reveals that while remote sensing exhibits distinct advantages in large-scale macroscopic surveys of infected trees at the middle,late,and terminal stages,its efficacy in detecting faint early-stage signals is hampered by constraints in spatial,temporal,and spectral resolution.UAV-based visible-light and multispectral remote sensing combine high spatial resolution with relatively cost-effectiveness for middle- and late-stage monitoring,however,they frequently fail to capture early physiological stress signals.Conversely,UAV hyperspectral remote sensing,benefiting from its continuous narrow-band characteristics,serves as the most potent approach for discerning subtle spectral changes at the early stage,despite challenges associated with high cost and complex data processing.By integrating multi-dimensional spatiotemporal information,multi-source remote sensing data fusion can mitigate the limitations inherent in individual data sources,representing an important development direction for achieving fine-scale,full-cycle monitoring of infected trees.Finally,considering the limitations of existing studies,this paper outlines future perspective on the development of low-cost,high-sensitivity sensors and the construction of full-cycle intelligent early-warning platforms,providing theoretical support and technical references for the scientific prevention and control of pine wilt disease.