Diversity Characteristics of Waterfowl Community in Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2018.02.013

Abstract

Abstract:

From February to December,2016,the waterfowl communities at 5 types of habitat including herbaceous marsh,lakeshore wetland,estuarine wetland,freshwater lake,and cultivated land were investigated in different seasons around Qinghai Lake National Mature Reserve.53 species belonging to 6 orders and 13 families were accumulatively recorded during the period of investigation.The dominant species were respectively Phalacrocorax carbo, Anser indicus,Larus ichthyaetus,Aythya fuligula,Netta rufina,Anas strepera,Aythya ferina,and Anas crecca,whose numbers occupied 74.16% of total individuals of waterfowl.The characteristics of waterfowl community were studied based on the Shannon-Wiener index (H),Simpson index (C) and Pielou index (E).The results indicated that the H index and E index of waterfowl community were the highest in herbaceous marsh,and decreased from lakeshore wetland,estuarine wetland,freshwater lake to cultivated land;the H index and E index of waterfowl community were the highest in the migration period of spring,and decreased from migration period of autumn,breeding period of summer to winter.The knowledge obtained in this study will help us to further understand the composition and seasonal variation of bird community,and provide the basis for managing and protecting birds in Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve.

Key words: waterfowl, diversity, habitat, Qinghai Lake, nature reserve

CLC Number:

Q958

DAI Yunchuan, WANG Xiulei, MA Guoqing, HOU Yuansheng, LI Diqiang. Diversity Characteristics of Waterfowl Community in Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2018, (2): 74-80.

Figures/Tables 3

Tab.1

Waterfowl list of Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve in 2016

种名		保护等级	CITES	IUCN		红色名录		数量/只								居留类型		区系类型
种名		保护等级	CITES	IUCN		红色名录		春		夏		秋	冬	总数		居留类型		区系类型
一 目 PODICIPEDIFORMES
(一)科 Podicipedidae
1 凤头Podiceps cristatus						LC		178		1330		646	—	2154		S,W		P
2 黑颈Podiceps nigricollis						LC		2		244		5	—	251		M		P
3 角Podiceps auritus		II				NT		—		3		—	—	3		S		P
4 小Tachybaptus ruficollis						LC		—		2		—	—	2		M		P
二鹳形目 CICONIIFORMES
(二)鹮科 Threskiorothidae
5白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia		II	II			NT		1		7		—	—	8		V		P
(三)鹭科 Ardeidae
6 苍鹭Ardea cinerea						LC		5		22		114	—	141		S		W
7 白鹭Egretta garzetta						LC		2		6		87	—	95		M		O
8 大白鹭Egretta alba						LC		65		5		—	7	77		M		W
9 夜鹭Nycticorax nycticorax						LC		—		2		33	—	35		M		O
10 牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis						LC		1		—		—	—	1		S		W
三鹤形目 GRUIFORMES
(四)秧鸡科 Rallidae
11 白骨顶Fulica atra						LC		834		755		5178	—	6767		S		W
12 黑水鸡Gallinula chloropus						LC		—		1		—	—	1		R		W
(五)鹤科 Gruidae
13 黑颈鹤Grus nigricollis		I	I	V		VU		71		184		145	—	400		S,W,M		P
14 灰鹤Common Crane		II	II			NT		—		350		—	—	350		R		P
四鸻形目 CHARADRIIFORMES
(六)反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridea
15 黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus						LC		27		74		—	—	101		M		W
16 反嘴鹬Recurvirostra avosetta						LC		48		3		—	—	51		M		P
(七)鸻科 Charadriidae
17 凤头麦鸡Vanellus vanellus						LC		17		16		337	—	370		M		P
18 环颈鸻Charadrius alexandrinus						LC		28		148		—	—	176		W,M		W
19 金眶鸻 Charadrius dubius						LC		—		96		—	—	96		S,M		W
20 蒙古沙鸻Charadrius mongolus						LC		—		89		—	—	89		S		P
(八)鸥科 Laridae
21 渔鸥 Larus ichthyaetus						LC		9256		15111		983	6	25356		S,M		P
22 棕头鸥 Larus brunnicephalus						LC		2331		1298		367	1	3997		S,W		P
(九)燕鸻科 Glareolidae
23 普通燕鸻 Glareola maldivarum						LC		—		176		—	—	176		M		W
(十)燕鸥科 Sternidae
24 普通燕鸥Sterna hirundo						LC		—		153		—	—	153		S		P
25 白翅浮鸥Chlidonias leucopterus						LC		—		25		—	—	25		M		P
26 灰翅浮鸥Chlidonias hybrida						LC		—		2		—	—	2		S		P
(十一)鹬科 Scolopacidae
27 红脚鹬Tringa totanus						LC		255		349		36	—	640		M		P
28 黑尾塍鹬 Limosa limosa			I			LC		—		369		—	—	369		M		P
29 白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata						NT		8		145		1	—	154		W		P
30 孤沙锥Gallinago solitaria						LC		—		—		29	—	29		W,M		P
31 矶鹬Actitis hypoleucos						LC		—		11		—	—	11		M		P
32 青脚滨鹬Calidris temminckii						LC		—		5		—	—	5		M		P
33 黑腹滨鹬 Calidris alpina						LC		—		2		—	—	2		M		P
五鹈形目 PELECANIFORMERS
(十二)鸬鹚科 Phalacrocoracidae
34 普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo					LC		12887		29804		2659		—		45350		S,M	W
六雁形目 ANSERIFORMES
(十三)鸭科 Anatidae
35 斑头雁Anser indicus					LC		11837		15180		541		—		27558		S,M	P
36 凤头潜鸭Aythya fuligula					LC		16021		4800		1881		110		22812		M	P
37 赤嘴潜鸭Netta rufina					LC		1214		1770		16333		—		19317		M	P
38 赤膀鸭Anas strepera					LC		146		220		16013		—		16379		W,M	W
39 红头潜鸭Aythya ferina					LC		154		541		15068		—		15763		M	P
40 绿翅鸭Anas crecca					LC		2585		1806		8237		6		12634		W	P
41 赤颈鸭Anas penelope					LC		2093		1136		9071		—		12300		W	P
42 赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea					LC		2320		2048		6215		963		11546		S,R	P
43 绿头鸭 Anas platyrhynchos					LC		601		151		7026		113		7891		S	P
44 白眼潜鸭Aythya nyroca					NT		—		21		6342		—		6363		S,M	P
45 针尾鸭Anas acuta					LC		3558		13		634		160		4365		M	W
46 大天鹅Cygnus cygnus	II				NT		278		19		531		3024		3852		W,M	P
47 灰雁Anser anser					LC		141		316		77		—		534		S,M	P
48 普通秋沙鸭Mergus merganser					LC		24		12		71		233		340		S	P
49 鹊鸭Bucephala clangula					LC		110		65		—		60		235		W,M	P
50 琵嘴鸭Anas clypeata					LC		78		103		—		—		181		W,M	P
51 翘鼻麻鸭Tadorna tadorna					LC		53		79		40		—		172		S	P
52斑头秋沙鸭 Mergellus albellus					LC		19		—		—		—		19		M	P
53 白眉鸭Anas querquedula					LC		2		1		—		—		3		M	P

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

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生境	多样性指数(H)	优势度指数(C)	均匀度指数(E)
耕地	1.134	0.661	0.328
湖岸湿地	3.450	0.134	0.690
河口湿地	3.411	0.136	0.650
草本沼泽	3.921	0.085	0.706
淡水湖泊	3.092	0.169	0.636

季节	多样性指数(H)	优势度指数(C)	均匀度指 (E)
春季	3.155	0.152	0.610
夏季	2.857	0.222	0.506
秋季	3.501	0.110	0.721
冬季	1.637	0.464	0.473
全年	3.873	0.089	0.676