生态敏感性评价对森林公园景区的生态环境保护与规划利用具有重要意义。以湖南莽山国家森林公园为研究对象,综合考虑地形、植被、自然条件、人类活动和景观资源等因素,选取13个评价指标构建生态敏感性评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各指标因子权重,采用GIS技术、RS技术和地理探测器分析生态敏感性及其驱动因素。结果表明:1)莽山国家森林公园生态敏感性具有显著的空间分异性,呈东高西低的空间分布格局,较高敏感区和高敏感区主要集中分布于东部;2)较高敏感区和高敏感区主要分布在将军寨、天台山景区、猴王寨景区和林泽湖景区,占总面积的15.13%;3)中敏感区主要分布在东部的天台山与将军寨的周边区域,占总面积的19.87%,低敏感区主要集中在中部和西部,占总面积的30.21%,该区域整体高程较低,景观资源分布有限;4)莽山国家森林公园的综合生态敏感性以低敏感性和较低敏感性为主,呈现明显的垂直地带性分布趋势,敏感性等级随高程升高而递增;5)景源密度、人文景源、湖泊和高程为主要驱动因子,且均具有强烈的协同耦合效应,其中景源密度和高程的协同耦合效应最强;自然景源、土壤、植被覆盖度和道路交通为次要驱动因子,植被类型、坡度、河流、土地利用类型、坡向因子解释力较弱。本研究揭示了莽山国家森林公园生态敏感性的空间分异规律及驱动机制,可为森林公园分区管控与精准保护提供科学依据。

Ecological sensitivity evaluation is a primary method for analyzing the stability of regional ecological environments,playing a significant role in the ecological protection,planning,and utilization of forest park Focusing Mangshan National Forest Park,this study constructed an ecological sensitivity evaluation index system by selecting 13 key indicators across factors such as terrain,vegetation,natural conditions,human activities,and landscape resources.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)was employed to determine the weights of these indicator factors.Geographic Information System(GIS),Remote Sensing(RS)technologies and Geo-detectors were utilized to analyze the ecological sensitivity and its driving factors.The results showed that:1)The ecological sensitivity of Mangshan National Forest Park exhibited distinct spatial heterogeneity,characterized by a pattern of being high in the east and low in the west,with high- and higher-sensitivity areas predominantly concentrated in the eastern region.2)The high- and higher-sensitivity areas,accounting for 15.13% of the total area,were primarily distributed in the Jiangjunzhai,Tiantai Mountain,Houwangzhai,and Linze Lake scenic areas.3)Moderate sensitivity areas were mainly distributed in the surrounding regions of Tiantai Mountain and Jiangjunzhai in the east,accounting for 19.87% of the total area.Low-sensitivity areas were mainly located in the central and western area,accounting for 30.21% of the total area.these regions were characterized by relatively low elevation and limited distribution of landscape resources.;4)The overall ecological sensitivity of Mangshan National Forest Park was dominated by low- and lower-sensitivity levels,exhibiting a pronounced trend of vertical zonality where sensitivity levels increased with elevation;5)Scenic resource density,cultural landscape elments,proximity to lakes,and elevation were identified as the main driving factors,all demonstrating strong synergistic effects.The interaction between scenic resource density and elevation was the most significant.Natural scenic resources,soil type,vegetation coverage,and road networks were secondary driving factors,while vegetation type,slope,proximity to rivers,land use type,and aspect demonstrated weaker explanatory power.This study revealed the spatial differentiation patterns and driving mechanisms of ecological sensitivity in Mangshan National Forest Park,providing a scientific basis for zone-based management and targeted conservation of the forest park.