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林草资源研究 ›› 2025›› Issue (6): 60-71.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.06.006

• 科学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖南莽山国家森林公园生态敏感性及驱动因素分析

孙虹1(), 胡芳文1,2,3, 袁健华1, 廖博儒1(), 肖志鹏2,3, 廖坤富4, 陈曼1   

  1. 1 张家界学院, 张家界 427000
    2 中南林业科技大学 风景园林学院, 长沙 410004
    3 湖南省自然保护地风景资源大数据工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410004
    4 江西农业大学 林学院, 南昌 330101
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25 修回日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2026-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 廖博儒,研究员,主要研究方向为植物分类与自然保护区监测。Email:541140637@qq.com
  • 作者简介:孙虹,讲师,硕士,主要研究方向为风景园林规划与设计。Email:33050392@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    张家界学院科学研究重点项目“面向生物多样性保护的湖南省自然保护地生态网络构建与优化研究”(zyzd202204)

Analysis of ecological sensitivity and driving factors in Hunan Mangshan National Forest Park

SUN Hong1(), HU Fangwen1,2,3, YUAN Jianhua1, LIAO Boru1(), XIAO Zhipeng2,3, LIAO Kunfu4, CHEN Man1   

  1. 1 Zhangjiajie College, Zhangjiajie 427000,Hunan, China
    2 College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
    3 Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China
    4 College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330101, China
  • Received:2024-10-25 Revised:2025-09-30 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2026-04-17

摘要:

生态敏感性评价对森林公园景区的生态环境保护与规划利用具有重要意义。以湖南莽山国家森林公园为研究对象,综合考虑地形、植被、自然条件、人类活动和景观资源等因素,选取13个评价指标构建生态敏感性评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各指标因子权重,采用GIS技术、RS技术和地理探测器分析生态敏感性及其驱动因素。结果表明:1)莽山国家森林公园生态敏感性具有显著的空间分异性,呈东高西低的空间分布格局,较高敏感区和高敏感区主要集中分布于东部;2)较高敏感区和高敏感区主要分布在将军寨、天台山景区、猴王寨景区和林泽湖景区,占总面积的15.13%;3)中敏感区主要分布在东部的天台山与将军寨的周边区域,占总面积的19.87%,低敏感区主要集中在中部和西部,占总面积的30.21%,该区域整体高程较低,景观资源分布有限;4)莽山国家森林公园的综合生态敏感性以低敏感性和较低敏感性为主,呈现明显的垂直地带性分布趋势,敏感性等级随高程升高而递增;5)景源密度、人文景源、湖泊和高程为主要驱动因子,且均具有强烈的协同耦合效应,其中景源密度和高程的协同耦合效应最强;自然景源、土壤、植被覆盖度和道路交通为次要驱动因子,植被类型、坡度、河流、土地利用类型、坡向因子解释力较弱。本研究揭示了莽山国家森林公园生态敏感性的空间分异规律及驱动机制,可为森林公园分区管控与精准保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 莽山国家森林公园, 地理信息系统(GIS), 生态敏感性, 评价因子, 地理探测器

Abstract:

Ecological sensitivity evaluation is a primary method for analyzing the stability of regional ecological environments,playing a significant role in the ecological protection,planning,and utilization of forest park Focusing Mangshan National Forest Park,this study constructed an ecological sensitivity evaluation index system by selecting 13 key indicators across factors such as terrain,vegetation,natural conditions,human activities,and landscape resources.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)was employed to determine the weights of these indicator factors.Geographic Information System(GIS),Remote Sensing(RS)technologies and Geo-detectors were utilized to analyze the ecological sensitivity and its driving factors.The results showed that:1)The ecological sensitivity of Mangshan National Forest Park exhibited distinct spatial heterogeneity,characterized by a pattern of being high in the east and low in the west,with high- and higher-sensitivity areas predominantly concentrated in the eastern region.2)The high- and higher-sensitivity areas,accounting for 15.13% of the total area,were primarily distributed in the Jiangjunzhai,Tiantai Mountain,Houwangzhai,and Linze Lake scenic areas.3)Moderate sensitivity areas were mainly distributed in the surrounding regions of Tiantai Mountain and Jiangjunzhai in the east,accounting for 19.87% of the total area.Low-sensitivity areas were mainly located in the central and western area,accounting for 30.21% of the total area.these regions were characterized by relatively low elevation and limited distribution of landscape resources.;4)The overall ecological sensitivity of Mangshan National Forest Park was dominated by low- and lower-sensitivity levels,exhibiting a pronounced trend of vertical zonality where sensitivity levels increased with elevation;5)Scenic resource density,cultural landscape elments,proximity to lakes,and elevation were identified as the main driving factors,all demonstrating strong synergistic effects.The interaction between scenic resource density and elevation was the most significant.Natural scenic resources,soil type,vegetation coverage,and road networks were secondary driving factors,while vegetation type,slope,proximity to rivers,land use type,and aspect demonstrated weaker explanatory power.This study revealed the spatial differentiation patterns and driving mechanisms of ecological sensitivity in Mangshan National Forest Park,providing a scientific basis for zone-based management and targeted conservation of the forest park.

Key words: Mangshan National Forest Park, geographic information system(GIS), ecological sensitivity, evaluation factors, Geodetector

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