目前,我国自然保护地体系正在经历空间整合优化、管控规则完善、法律法规健全等一系列变化,为野生动物的保护与管理带来新的契机。全面调研我国自然保护地麋鹿种群分布现状,识别出栖息地布局失衡、保护“孤岛”效应、关键区域种群过载、自然调控机制缺失及人鹿冲突加剧等问题。从自然保护区功能分区和管控规则变化、麋鹿为主要保护对象的自然保护区和湿地公园空间布局变化、法律法规健全等角度探讨对麋鹿种群保护可能产生的多重效应。在自然保护地体系整合优化的背景下,应结合麋鹿保护实际情况,构建多层次、网络化的保护空间格局,实施基于生态承载力的精细化种群管理,创新社区协同共管的发展模式,并健全以最新法律法规为基石的政策保障体系,从而推动麋鹿保护工作向体系化、科学化的高质量发展阶段迈进。

Currently,China's natural protected area system is undergoing a series of transformations,including spatial integration and optimization,refinement of management regulations,and improvement of laws and regulations,all of which have implications for the conservation of wildlife.This study comprehensively reviews the current distribution of Elaphurus davidianus populations within China's protected areas,identifying issues such as imbalanced habitat distribution,the "island effect" in conservation,overpopulation in key regions,lack of natural regulatory mechanisms,and increasing human-deer conflicts.Furthermore,it analyzes the impacts of functional zoning and regulatory changes in nature reserves,spatial layout adjustments in both nature reserves and wetland parks,and enhanced laws and regulations.Within the context of the holistic optimization of the natural protected area system,we propose tailored measures based on the actual conditions of E.davidianus conservation.These include establishing a multi-level,networked conservation spatial pattern,implementing refined population management based on ecological carrying capacity,innovating community co-management models,and enhancing the policy support system grounded in the latest legal frameworks.Such efforts will advance the conservation of Elaphurus davidianus toward a systematic,scientific,and high-quality development stage.