植物是陆地生态系统中主要的碳汇载体,对维持生态平衡具有重要意义。系统分析整植物碳汇的测量方法(样地清查法、同化量法、遥感估算法、微气象法)及其优缺点和适用范围。基于目前应用最为广泛的同化量法,从植物的生长类型、习性以及环境因素等方面,对比分析中国的6个植被区植物的碳汇能力。研究发现,不同植被区的植物碳汇能力存在显著差异,在温带针叶阔叶混交林区和暖温带落叶阔叶林区,乔木的碳汇能力略高于灌木;在热带雨林季雨林区和温带草原区,灌木的碳汇能力明显高于乔木。此外,针叶树和阔叶树在碳汇能力上存在显著差异。水生植物和地被植物的碳汇潜力较大,具有进一步开发的可能性。研究还表明,碳汇测量方法和环境因素会对植物碳汇能力评价产生较大影响。基于此,建议制定统一的碳汇能力评价标准、扩大测量植物种类和研究范围,以便全面地评估和提升不同植被区的碳汇能力,为生态修复、园林绿化树种选择及碳中和目标实现等提供基于碳汇维度的科学参考。

Plants serve as the primary carbon sink carriers in terrestrial ecosystems and are of great significance for maintaining ecological balance.Systematic analysis of the measurement methods of the whole plant carbon sink(plot inventory method,assimilation method,remote sensing estimation method,microclimate method)and its advantages and disadvantages,as well as scope of application.Using the widely adopted assimilation method,compared and analyzed the carbon sink capacity of plants in six vegetation zonesin China,considering plant growth forms,ecological habits,and environmental factors.The results revealedsignificant variations in the carbon sink capacity of plants across different vegetation zones.In the temperate coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest area and the warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zones,trees exhibited slightly higher carbon sink capacities than shrubs.Conversely,in the tropical monsoon rain forest and temperate grassland zones,shrubs demonstrated significantly higher carbon sink capacities than trees.In addition,there are significant differences in carbon sink capacity between coniferous and broadleaved trees.Aquatic and ground cover plants exhibit substantial potential for carbon sink,and have the possibility of further development.The study also indicated that carbon sink measurement methods and environmental factors significantly influence the evaluation ofplant carbon sink capacity.Based on the findings,it is recommended to establish a unified evaluation standard for carbon sink capacity,broadenthe scope of plant species and research coverage,and develop a more comprehensive framework for evaluating and enhancing carbon sink capacities across vegetation zones.Such efforts canprovide scientific guidance for ecological restoration,landscape tree species selection,andachieving carbon neutrality targets.