森林保险是农业保险的重要组成部分,也是我国绿色保险的一个重要分支。由于森林保险的系统性特征及其独特性质,巨灾风险与之密切相关,且其分散机制成为森林风险管理中的关键议题。目前,我国森林保险应对巨灾风险主要依赖再保险、共同保险联合体和大灾风险准备金三大机制,在实践中主要存在森林保险经营机构巨灾意识薄弱以及共保体“搭便车”等问题。通过对比森林保险巨灾风险分散体系较完善的美、日两个典型国实践经验,结合中国国情,提出增强森林保险经营机构巨灾风险意识,建立有效的共保体制度等切实建议。

Forest insurance is an essential component of agricultural insurance and a significant branch of green insurance in China.Due to the systemic and unique characteristics of forest insurance,it is closely related to catastrophe risk,with its dispersion mechanism being a key issue in forest risk management.Currently,China primarily relies on three mechanisms to address catastrophe risks in forest insurance:reinsurance,coinsurance bodies,and catastrophe risk reserves.However,there are prevalent issues in practice,such as a lack of catastrophe risk awareness among forest insurance operators and ‘free-riding’ within the coinsurance bodies.By examining the more sophisticated catastrophe risk dispersion systems in the United States and Japan and considering China's national conditions,this study proposes practical recommendations to enhance the catastrophe risk awareness of forest insurance operators and establish effective coinsurance systems.