河南黄河流域是重要的生物多样性保护热点地区,具有重要的自然保护价值。为识别出河南黄河流域关键保护野生树种的适宜生境和保护空缺区,基于MaxEnt优化模型,结合6个关键保护野生树种和46个环境因子,模拟测算其在基准时期(1970—2000年)及未来两个时期(2041—2060年,2081—2100年)3种气候情景下的潜在分布区,并结合区域自然保护地空间分布数据识别保护空缺区。结果表明,海拔和降水量季节性变化是影响关键保护野生树种地理分布的主导环境因子。2090时期(2081—2100年)SSP585气候情景下,关键保护野生树种的适宜生境面积较基准时期增加幅度最大,说明气温的变化显著影响研究区内关键保护野生树种的适生范围。现有自然保护地已覆盖70%的关键保护野生树种适宜生境,保护空缺核心区主要位于伊洛河流域的熊耳山脉及其与豫西伏牛山北麓二者之间的交错地带。研究结果可为河南黄河流域的生物多样性保护和自然保护地规划提供重要理论支持。

The Yellow River basin in Henan Province is an important biodiversity protection hotspot with an important natural protection value.In order to identify the suitable habitats and protection gaps of key protected wild species in the Yellow River basin of Henan Province,this paper simulated and predicted the potential distribution areas of six key protected wild species and 46 environmental factors under three climate scenarios in the benchmark period(1970-2000)and two future periods(2041-2060,2081-2100)based on the MaxEnt optimization model,and identified the protection gaps based on the spatial distribution data of nature reserves.The results showed that the seasonal changes of altitude and precipitation were the dominant environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of key protected wild species.In 2090 period(2081-2100),the suitable habitat area of key protected wild species increased the most under the SSP585 climate scenario compared to the benchmark period,indicating that temperature change significantly affects the suitable habitat range of key protected wild tree species within the research area.The existing nature reserves have covered 70% of the suitable habitats of key protected wild species,and the core area of protection gap was mainly located in the Xiong'er Mountains in the Yiluo River basin and the intersection between the Xiong'er Mountains and the northern foot of Funiushan Mountain in the west of Henan Province.This study provides important theoretical support for biodiversity protection and nature reserve planning in the Yellow River basin in Henan Province.