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林草资源研究 ›› 2025›› Issue (5): 85-95.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.05.009

• 科学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

4种复合发酵菌剂对林业废弃物基质化的影响

罗唐惠子1,2(), 常文颖1,2, 杨华均3, 魏立本1, 王玉书1, 冯大兰1,2(), 周小舟1, 黄小辉1,2   

  1. 1.重庆市林业科学研究院, 重庆 400036
    2.三峡库区森林生态修复与利用重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400036
    3.重庆市珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区管理处, 重庆 402260
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-03 修回日期:2025-10-12 出版日期:2025-10-28 发布日期:2026-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 冯大兰,高级工程师,博士,主要研究方向为植物营养与土壤肥料。Email:786182557@qq.com
  • 作者简介:罗唐惠子,工程师,主要研究方向为植物营养与土壤肥料。Email:921943188@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项“林业废弃物基质化处理及应用研究”(CSTB2023JXJL-YFX008);重庆市科技兴林项目“枫香育苗轻型基质研究及应用效果评价”(QN2024-2)

Effects of 4 composite fermentation inoculants on the substrate conversion of forestry waste

LUO Tanghuizi1,2(), CHANG Wenying1,2, YANG Huajun3, WEI Liben1, WANG Yushu1, FENG Dalan1,2(), ZHOU Xiaozhou1, HUANG Xiaohui1,2   

  1. 1. Chongqing Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chongqing 400036, China
    2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forest Ecological Restoration and Utilization in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 400036, China
    3. Administration Office of Chongqing National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fishes, Chongqing 402260, China
  • Received:2025-08-03 Revised:2025-10-12 Online:2025-10-28 Published:2026-04-17

摘要:

筛选高效复合发酵菌剂可以提高林业废弃物木质素降解效率,有效解决其降解难、堆肥周期长等问题。通过45 d的好氧堆肥试验,以不加菌剂为对照(CK),分析添加贝佳有机肥发酵剂(T1)、河南农富康EM菌剂(T2)、S4混合菌剂(T3)和有机物料腐熟剂(T4)对林业废弃物堆肥过程、产物质量及枫香幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:1)与CK相比,4种菌剂均显著加速堆肥升温,其中T1处理升温最快[3 d进入高温期(>50℃)],高温期平均温度最高(57.12℃)。2)堆肥结束时,T1处理的木质素降解率最高(43.68%),T2处理的纤维素降解率最高(42.29%),T3处理对两者的降解效果均位列第2(38.32%,42.17%)。T1和T2处理的有机碳降解率及总氮、磷、钾养分含量增幅最大。3)T1处理堆肥基质的种子发芽指数(49.35%)、微生物量碳、氮及脱氢酶活性均最高,表明其腐熟度最高且生物毒性最低。4)盆栽试验表明,与草炭相比,T1处理堆肥配制的基质使枫香幼苗总生物量显著增加147.48%~192.31%,苗木质量指数提高96.90%;T2和T3处理也显著促进了枫香生长。S4混合菌剂在促进林业废弃物腐熟、提升堆肥品质及育苗效果方面表现较好,这为林业废弃物资源利用化过程中高效、经济菌剂的研究提供了参考依据。

关键词: 复合发酵菌剂, 林业废弃物, 堆肥, 基质化

Abstract:

Screening highly efficient composite fermentation inoculants can enhance the lignin degradation efficiency of forestry waste,effectively resolving challenges such as recalcitrant degradation and prolonged composting cycles.A 45-day aerobic composting experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of 4 inoculants-Beijia Organic Fertilizer Ferment (T1),Henan Nongfukang EM Inoculant (T2),S4 Mixed Inoculant (T3),and Organic Material Decomposer (T4)- on the composting process,product quality,and the growth of Liquidambar formosana seedlings,with an uninoculated treatment serving as the control (CK).The results showed that:1) Compared with the control,all 4 inoculants significantly accelerated the temperature escalation during composting.Among them,T1 exhibited the most rapid temperature increase,entering the thermophilic phase (>50 ℃) on day 3,and maintained the highest average temperature (57.12 ℃) during the thermophilic stage.2) Upon completion of composting,T1 achieved the maximum lignin degradation rate (43.68%),T2 had the highest cellulose degradation rate (42.29%),and T3 ranked second in both (38.32% and 42.17%,respectively).T1 and T2 exhibited the most substantial increments in organic carbon degradation rate and total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents.3) The compost substrate subjected to the T1 treatment yielded the highest seed germination index (49.35%),microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,and dehydrogenase activity,signifying the optimal degree of maturity and the lowest biological toxicity.4) Pot experiments showed that,compared with peat,the substrate prepared with T1 compost significantly increased the total biomass of Liquidambar formosana seedlings by 147.48%-192.31% and the seedling quality index by 96.90%.T2 and T3 also significantly promoted the growth of Liquidambar formosana.The S4 mixed inoculant performed optimally in accelerating the maturation of forestry wastes,improving compost quality,and enhancing seeding growth.This study provides cost-effective and highly efficient inoculant alternatives for the resource utilization of forestry wastes.

Key words: composite fermentation inoculants, forestry waste, composting, substrate conversion

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