林分空间结构对巨尾桉人工林地上生物量的影响

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

揭示林分空间结构对桉树人工林地上生物量的影响机制,可为优化林分空间结构、提升其固碳能力提供理论依据。以广西国有黄冕林场2~7 a生巨尾桉人工林为研究对象,选取角尺度、大小比数、开敞度和竞争指数表征林分空间结构,采用逐步回归和灰色关联分析方法,识别不同生长阶段影响地上生物量积累的关键空间结构因子,并探究其与地上生物量的动态关系。结果表明:1)向后逐步回归模型的决定系数(R²)为0.928,模型拟合优度高。大小比数、开敞度和竞争指数与地上生物量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。2)开敞度的回归系数绝对值最大(1 480.402),其对地上生物量累积的负向影响权重最大,为主导因子。3)空间结构因子与地上生物量的关联性随林龄呈动态变化,在生长初期(2~3 a),角尺度和大小比数对地上生物量灰色关联度较高;随着林龄增长,竞争指数的灰色关联度显著增加并逐渐成为主导因子;开敞度与地上生物量的灰色关联度整体较高,随林龄增长呈现出“降低-升高-降低-升高”的波动变化趋势。为充分提高林地资源利用率并增强地上生物量积累能力,建议在巨尾桉生长初期(2~3 a),优先优化林木相对大小(大小比数)与空间分布格局(角尺度);进入近熟林阶段后(4~7 a),通过间伐降低种内竞争压力(竞争指数);在整个生长周期中,维持适宜的开敞度。

关键词: 林分空间结构, 地上生物量, 巨尾桉人工林

Abstract:

This study elucidates the mechanisms through which stand spatial structure influences above-ground biomass(AGB)in Eucalyptus grandis×urophylla plantations,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing stand spatial structure and enhancing carbon sequestration capacity.Using Eucalyptus grandis×urophylla plantations aged from 2 to 7 years in Guangxi’s Huangmian State-owned Forest Farm.Stand spatial structure was characterized using the uniform angle index,size ratio,opening degree,and competition index.Backward stepwise regression and grey relational analysis were employed to identify key spatial structure factors influencing AGB accumulation across distinct growth stages.The regression model exhibited high explanatory power(R²=0.928).Size ratio,opening degree,and competition index showed significant negative correlations with AGB(P<0.05).Opening degree demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect on AGB,evidenced by the largest absolute regression coefficient(-1480.402).Grey relational analysis further revealed dynamic age-dependent relationships between spatial structure factors and AGB changes.Early growth stages(2 to 3 years),uniform angle and size ratio exerted dominant influences on AGB.Pre-maturation stages,competition index emerged as the primary limiting factor.Opening degree maintained consistently high relevance across all stages,though its association with AGB exhibited non-monotonic fluctuations with stand age.To optimize resource utilization and AGB accumulation,optimize tree size hierarchy(size ratio)and spatial distribution(uniform angle)at early growth stages(2 to 3 years),implement thinning to alleviate competition pressure(competition index)at near-maturity stages(4 to 7 years),and sustain appropriate canopy openness(opening degree)throughout the rotation cycle.These stratified interventions provide a scientific basis for precision forestry aimed at carbon sequestration enhancement.

Key words: stand spatial structure, above-ground biomass(AGB), Eucalyptus grandis×urophylla plantations

中图分类号:

S792.39

赵兴魁, 黄金君, 何文, 姚月锋. 林分空间结构对巨尾桉人工林地上生物量的影响[J]. 林草资源研究, 2025,(6): 91-99.

ZHAO Xingkui, HUANG Jinjun, HE Wen, YAO Yuefeng. Effects of stand spatial structure on above-ground biomass of Eucalyptus grandis×urophylla plantations[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2025,(6): 91-99.

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龄组	林龄/ a	样地数/个	树高/m	胸径/cm	地上生物量/kg
幼龄林	2	3	9.32±0.08a	7.48±0.06a	813.00a
中龄林	3	3	10.89±0.08a	8.35±0.11a	1 162.20a
近熟林	4	3	16.00±0.10b	12.77±0.12b	3 070.20b
成熟林	5~6	3	18.05±0.19c	13.54±0.19c	4 299.50c
过熟林	7	3	19.09±0.24c	14.52±0.21c	5 208.40c

龄组	大小比数	角尺度	开敞度	竞争指数
幼龄林	0.518±0.006a	0.411±0.051a	0.296±0.019a	1.552±0.059a
中龄林	0.496±0.017a	0.487±0.031a	0.218±0.023b	4.765±0.759b
近熟林	0.509±0.013a	0.423±0.028a	0.187±0.003bc	1.432±0.023a
成熟林	0.494±0.011a	0.452±0.018a	0.161±0.006bc	2.197±0.224a
过熟林	0.501±0.005a	0.437±0.025a	0.150±0.004c	1.784±0.272a

变量	系数	标准误差	t	P	VIF	R²	F
大小比数	-345.200	130.673	-2.642	<0.05	1.057
开敞度	-1 480.402	130.674	-11.329	<0.01	1.057	0.928	60.532
竞争指数	-718.190	127.338	-5.640	<0.01	1.004