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林草资源研究 ›› 2026›› Issue (1): 23-33.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2026.01.003

• 科学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于遥感生态指数的宁夏中卫沙坡头国家级自然保护区生态环境质量时空变化分析

李学武1(), 牛志明2, 樊雨峰1, 王新伟2, 张波2(), 徐文彤1   

  1. 1 国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院, 北京 100714
    2 宁夏中卫沙坡头国家级自然保护区管理局, 宁夏 中卫 755000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21 修回日期:2026-02-10 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 张波,高级工程师,主要从事自然保护区科研监测工作。Email:ustbzhang@126.com
  • 作者简介:李学武,高级工程师,主要从事林草调查规划及荒漠化研究工作。Email:346537914@qq.com

Spatiotemporal Changes in eco-environment quality of Ningxia Zhongwei Shapotou National Nature Reserve based on remote sensing ecological index

LI Xuewu1(), NIU Zhiming2, FAN Yufeng1, WANG Xinwei2, ZHANG Bo2(), XU Wentong1   

  1. 1 Academy of Forest and Grassland Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China
    2 Ningxia Zhongwei Shapotou National Nature Reserve Administration, Zhongwei 755000,Ningxia, China
  • Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2026-02-10 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-08-07

摘要:

荒漠—绿洲过渡带是干旱区生态系统中对气候变化和人类活动响应最为敏感的区域之一,其生态环境质量的长时序动态监测对优化区域生态安全评估和保护决策具有重要意义。基于2013、2016、2019和2021年4期宁夏中卫沙坡头国家级自然保护区的遥感影像,构建遥感生态指数(RSEI),结合等级面积转移矩阵和空间重心转移模型,分析研究区生态环境质量的时空演变特征。结果表明:1)2013—2021年生态环境质量经历了“低等级内部优化—整体明显提升—局部回落波动”的阶段性演变,2013—2016年以Ⅰ级向Ⅱ级提升为主导(2 037.71 hm2),2016—2019年Ⅱ级向Ⅲ级提升的幅度最大(3 399.12 hm2),2019—2021年出现明显退化(5 203.80 hm2),主要表现为Ⅱ级回转为Ⅰ级,Ⅲ级回转为Ⅱ级;2)2013—2021年研究区生态环境质量呈清晰的空间分异,低质量区(Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)集中在西部实验区及缓冲区,东部和南部生态环境质量优于西部,空间格局呈现“西部局部恢复—南北部扩展改善—西南部逆向衰退”的阶段性演变特征;3)中等质量过渡带是自然保护区生态环境质量变化最活跃的区域,Ⅲ级RSEI重心累计迁移距离最大(9 419.67 m)。研究结果可为荒漠—绿洲过渡带自然保护区的分区监测、差异化修复及生态管理决策提供遥感依据。

关键词: 沙坡头国家级自然保护区, 遥感生态指数, 重心转移模型

Abstract:

The desert-oasis ecotone is one of the most sensitive zones to climate change and human activities in arid ecosystems and long-term dynamic monitoring of its eco-environmental quality is of great significance for optimizing regional ecological security assessment and conservation decision-making.Based on remote sensing images of the Ningxia Zhongwei Shapotou National Nature Reserve from four periods,(2013,2016,2019 and 2021),this study constructed the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI),and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of eco-environmental quality in the study area by combining the grade area transition matrix and the spatial center of gravity transfer model.The results showed that:1) From 2013 to 2021,the eco-environmental quality experienced a phased evolution of internal optimization of low-quality grades,overall obvious improvement,and localized decline and fluctuation.From 2013 to 2016,the transition from Grade I to Grade II dominated the ecological improvement,covering an area of 2 037.71 hm2.The most prominent upward shift from Grade II to Grade III occurred from 2016 to 2019,with an area of 3 399.12 hm2.Obvious degradation occurred from 2019 to 2021 over an area of 5 203.80 hm2,mainly manifested as the reversion from Grade II to Grade I and from Grade III to Grade II.2) The eco-environmental quality of the study area showed clear spatial differentiation,with low-quality zones(Grade I and Grade II) concentrated in the western experimental zone and buffer zone.The eastern and southern parts exhibited better eco-environmental conditions than the western area.Spatially,it presented the phased evolution characteristics of localized restoration in the west,expanded improvement in the north and south,and reversed degradation in the southwest.3) The moderate-quality transition zone represented the most active of eco-environmental change,and the cumulative migration distance of the gravity center for Grade III RSEI was the largest(9 419.67 m).The research results can provide a remote sensing basis for zonal monitoring,differentiated restoration,and ecological management decision-making of nature reserves in the desert-oasis ecotone.

Key words: Shapotou National Nature Reserve, remote sensing ecological index, center of gravity shift model

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