包头市12种树种光合特性与固碳释氧能力

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究树种光合特性与固碳释氧能力,筛选优势固碳释氧树种,对林业碳汇开发与生态环境建设具有指导意义。以包头市12种主要树种为研究对象,使用CI-340便携式光合仪测定光合生理指标,通过Pearson相关分析和系统聚类分析,探讨树种净光合速率的日变化规律及其与环境因子的关系,并评估其固碳释氧能力。结果表明:1)12种树种中,净光合速率日变化呈单峰型的树种为榆、樟子松和云杉;呈双峰型的树种为油松、小叶杨和红砂。2)水分利用效率变化呈单峰型的树种为云杉、杜松和油松;呈双峰型的树种为珍珠梅;先下降后上升的树种为榆、樟子松和侧柏。3)净光合速率最强的乔木为榆,最强的灌木为柽柳;水分利用效率最强的乔木为樟子松,最强的灌木为毛刺锦鸡儿。4)净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度均呈显著正相关关系。5)包头市乔木树种的固碳释氧能力由强至弱分为3个等级:榆和小叶杨为Ⅰ级;樟子松为Ⅱ级;云杉、侧柏、油松和杜松为Ⅲ级。灌木树种固碳释氧能力由强至弱分为3个等级:柽柳为Ⅰ级;叉子圆柏和珍珠梅为Ⅱ级;红砂、毛刺锦鸡儿为Ⅲ级。建议选择榆、小叶杨和柽柳作为优选固碳释氧树种,在水分条件较差的地区,推荐选择樟子松、云杉和毛刺锦鸡儿。

关键词: 包头市, 净光合速率, 水分利用效率, 固碳释氧

Abstract:

Studying the photosynthetic characteristics,carbon fixation,and oxygen release capacity of tree species,along with screening the dominant species for carbon fixation and oxygen release,provides important guidance for the development of forestry carbon sinks and ecological environment construction.This study focused on 12 tree species that are predominant in Baotou City,and their photosynthetic physiological parameters were measured using a CI-340 portable photosynthesis system.Pearson correlation and systematic cluster analysis were used to explore the diurnal variation in the net photosynthetic rate of tree species and its relationship with environmental factors.Additionally,and the carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of tree species was evaluated.1)Among the 12 tree species,Ulmus pumila,Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv.and Picea asperata showed unimodal diurnal variation of the net photosynthetic rate.The bimodal tree species are Pinus tabuliformis,Populus simoniiand and Reaumuria songarica.2)Tree species with a single peak of water use efficiency were Picea asperata,Juniperus rigida and Pinus tabuliformis.The tree species with a bimodal type are Sorbaria sorbifolia;the tree species that decreased first and then increased were Ulmus pumila,Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.and Platycladus orientalis.3)The tree with the highest net photosynthetic rate was Ulmus pumila.while the shrub with the highest net photosynthetic rate was Tamarix chinensis.The tree with the strongest water use efficiency is Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.,and the shrub with the strongest water use efficiency is Caragana tibetica.4)Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with both transpiration rate and stomatal conductance.5)The carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of tree species in Baotou City can be classified into three grades according based on strength:Ulmus pumila and Populus simonii are grade I;Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.is grade II;and Picea asperata.,Platycladus orientalis,Pinus tabuliformis and Juniperus rigida are grade III.The carbon fixation and oxygen release capacities of shrub species were classified into three grades:Tamarix chinensis was grade I;Juniperus sabina and Sorbaria sorbifolia are grade II;and Reaumuria songarica and Caragana tibetica Kom.are grade III.It is recommended to select Ulmus pumila,Populus simonii and Tamarix chinensis as the preferred tree species for carbon fixation and oxygen release.In areas with poor water conditions,Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.,Picea asperata and Caragana tibetica are recommended.

Key words: Baotou City, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, carbon fixation and oxygen release

中图分类号:

S718

吴乐, 高润红, 韩淑敏, 贾可心. 包头市12种树种光合特性与固碳释氧能力[J]. 林草资源研究, 2024,(6): 98-106.

WU Le, GAO Runhong, HAN Shumin, JIA Kexin. Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release Capacity of 12 Tree Species in Baotou City[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2024,(6): 98-106.

图/表 7

表1

表2

图1

图2

表3

表4

图3

参考文献 25

[1]	薛雪, 李娟娟, 郑云峰, 等. 5个常绿园林树种的夏季光合蒸腾特性[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(9):150-156.
[2]	韩忠明, 王云贺, 林红梅, 等. 吉林不同生境防风夏季光合特性[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(17):4874-4881.
[3]	陈高路, 庞丹波, 马进鹏, 等. 贺兰山10种典型植物光合及水分利用效率特征研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2021, 41(2):290-299.
[4]	PATAKI E D, ALIG J R, FUNG S A, et al. Urban ecosystems and the North American carbon cycle[J]. Global Change Biology, 2006, 12(11):2092-2102.
[5]	冯晶红, 刘德富, 吴耕华, 等. 三峡库区消落带适生植物固碳释氧能力研究[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2020, 41(1):1-8.
[6]	余华, BEE L O. 马占相思的日光合作用和日碳固定总量研究(英文)[J]. 植物生态学报, 2003,(5):624-630. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2003.0090
[7]	胡越. 包头市空气质量状况(2011-2015)及其与气象条件的关系[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2016.
[8]	周海军. 包头市大气颗粒物环境地球化学特征[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2018.
[9]	魏光普, 康瑜, 范浩文, 等. 重工业城市建筑业碳排放核算与预测研究[J]. 生态经济, 2022, 38(9):43-48.
[10]	姬卉春. 以生态优先绿色发展为导向推进全市高质量发展[N]. 包头日报,2023-07-28(001).
[11]	李茂森. 全面提升包头市生态质量努力实现人与自然和谐共生[J]. 内蒙古林业, 2023(7):4-5.
[12]	张文英, 吕整荣, 刘文剑. 包头市率先建设碳达峰碳中和林草碳汇试验区的探索与实践[J]. 内蒙古林业, 2023(7):37-39.
[13]	张曦, 栗忠飞, 赵慧丽, 等. 纳帕海流域五种优势乔木树种光合速率日变化特征[J]. 广西植物, 2016, 36(5):515-522.
[14]	魏晓芸, 单立山, 解婷婷, 等. 6个种源红砂幼苗光合作用特性研究[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(6):1657-1663. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.06.020
[15]	刘芳, 黄雅茹, 陈海玲, 等. 内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠主要灌木光合日变化特征比较研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2015, 22(3):155-162.
[16]	李景浩, 李慧, 魏亚伟, 等. 樟子松、油松、蒙古栎水分利用效率种间变化及其对环境因子的响应差异[J]. 植物研究, 2016, 36(4):581-587. doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.04.014
[17]	赵子涵, 王树森, 罗于洋, 等. 旱榆幼树对土壤失水及复水的生理响应过程研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5):1534-1542. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.18
[18]	党晓宏, 蒙仲举, 高永, 等. 西鄂尔多斯天然荒漠灌丛光合生态适应性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(2):435-443.
[19]	王岚, 安勐颍, 王自在, 等. 12种绿化乔木苗期抗旱性评价[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2017, 56(7):1279-1283.
[20]	冯晶红, 刘瑛, 肖衡林, 等. 三峡库区消落带典型植物光合固碳能力及影响因素[J]. 水土保持研究, 2020, 27(1):305-311.
[21]	袁颖红, 樊后保, 吴建平, 等. 不同年龄人工林尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis)叶片光合特性及水分利用效率[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2016, 22(1):58-63.
[22]	吴芹, 张光灿, 裴斌, 等. 3个树种对不同程度土壤干旱的生理生化响应[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(12):3648-3656.
[23]	郝鑫杰, 李素英, 王继伟, 等. 呼和浩特市13种绿化植物固碳释氧效率的比较研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2017, 37(6):1196-1204.
[24]	郭杨, 刘杨, 杨维菊. 基于GGE双标图的公园绿地树种生态效益研究[J]. 北方园艺, 2022(13):86-95.
[25]	宋卓琴, 康红梅, 牛艳, 等. 太原市主要园林植物春季固碳释氧和降温增湿效应[J]. 山西农业科学, 2018, 46(10):1685-1690.

生活型	树种	株高/m	胸径/cm	冠幅/m²
乔木	榆Ulmus pumila	5.84±0.43	10.50±0.45	14.70±1.13
	樟子松Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.	4.88±0.32	8.83±0.42	35.75±2.43
	云杉Picea asperata	2.53±0.36	3.09±0.33	6.40±0.54
	杜松Juniperus rigida	4.12±0.27	5.93±0.24	14.20±0.75
	油松Pinus tabuliformis	13.03±0.54	30.61±1.16	18.00±0.78
	小叶杨Populus simonii	13.19±0.65	19.49±0.42	45.70±2.43
	侧柏Platycladus orientalis	2.10±0.32	3.10±0.35	6.57±0.43
灌木	红砂Reaumuria songarica	0.14±0.04	1.01±0.04	2.24±0.06
	毛刺锦鸡儿Caragana tibetica	0.32±0.12	1.43±0.07	4.18±0.22
	叉子圆柏Juniperus sabina	1.29±0.13	2.07±0.22	2.13±0.15
	柽柳Tamarix chinensis	2.36±0.22	3.82±0.21	9.73±0.27
	珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia	1.17±0.15	2.52±0.24	5.70±0.25

生活型	树种	净光合速率/ [μmol/(m²·s)]	蒸腾速率/ [mmol/(m²·s)]	气孔导度/ [mmol/(m²·s)]	饱和水汽压亏缺/kPa	光合有效辐射/ [μmol/(m²·s)]
乔木	榆Ulmus pumila	8.83±0.09	1.60±0.02	50.32±3.34	3.04±0.25	1191.66±28.60
	樟子松Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv.	4.17±0.17	0.74±0.05	24.49±2.82	2.95±0.20	1071.19±27.72
	云杉Picea asperata	2.32±0.06	0.26±0.04	6.21±1.39	3.57±0.10	1027.70±11.45
	杜松Juniperus rigida	1.22±0.09	0.28±0.02	8.99±0.53	3.37±0.08	952.56±10.49
	油松Pinus tabuliformis	1.63±0.03	0.51±0.08	6.42±0.99	4.30±0.13	975.92±18.03
	小叶杨Populus simonii	7.80±0.31	2.09±0.10	75.71±7.49	2.50±0.23	1071.93±14.22
	侧柏Platycladus orientalis	1.68±0.04	0.24±0.01	8.16±0.18	2.61±0.16	954.55±24.90
灌木	红砂Reaumuria songarica	1.98±0.02	0.47±0.05	12.39±2.05	3.40±0.03	983.75±13.09
	毛刺锦鸡儿Caragana tibetica	2.25±0.05	0.40±0.02	10.50±1.13	3.84±0.12	1072.87±19.49
	叉子圆柏Juniperus sabina	4.02±0.05	0.79±0.03	45.77±8.44	1.57±0.07	1044.28±11.47
	柽柳Tamarix chinensis	5.39±0.07	1.08±0.07	66.84±8.64	1.52±0.08	1092.53±9.550
	珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia	3.92±0.11	0.99±0.07	25.82±0.96	3.88±0.06	1093.63±15.10

生活型	指标	P_n	T_r	G_s	V_PD	T_a	T_l	CO₂	H_in	P_AR
乔木	P_n	1
	T_r	0.941^**	1
	G_s	0.923^*	0.987^**	1
	V_PD	-0.497	-0.471	-0.589	1
	T_a	-0.783^*	-0.825^*	-0.836^*	0.465	1
	T_l	-0.612	-0.728	-0.776^*	0.667	0.885^**	1
	CO₂	-0.179	-0.338	-0.424	0.254	0.335	0.309	1
	H_in	0.648	0.424	0.443	-0.637	-0.491	-0.419	0.335	1
	P_AR	0.910^**	0.738	0.695	-0.296	-0.563	-0.288	-0.010	0.674	1
灌木	P_n	1
	T_r	0.943^*	1
	G_s	0.946^*	0.812	1
	V_PD	-0.715	-0.551	-0.893^*	1
	T_a	-0.148	-0.048	0.302	0.618	1
	T_l	-0.801	-0.774	-0.754	0.694	0.625	1
	CO₂	0.272	0.432	-0.023	0.29	0.072	-0.453	1
	H_in	0.991^*	0.977^**	0.912^*	-0.651	-0.099	-0.786	0.309	1
	P_AR	0.651	0.629	0.441	-0.081	0.358	-0.406	0.666	0.636	1

生活型	树种	日净同化量/ [mmol/(m²·s)]	单位叶面积固碳量/ [g/(m²·d)]	单位叶面积释氧量/ [g/(m²·d)]
乔木	榆Ulmus pumila	331.54±3.13	11.67±0.06	8.48±0.08
	樟子松Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv.	156.92±6.21	5.52±0.13	4.01±0.15
	云杉Picea asperata	87.26±1.27	3.07±0.03	2.23±0.03
	杜松Juniperus rigida	41.93±3.70	1.48±0.08	1.07±0.09
	油松Pinus tabuliformis	60.61±2.90	2.13±0.06	1.55±0.07
	小叶杨Populus simonii	287.04±24.43	10.10±0.50	7.34±0.62
	侧柏Platycladus orientalis	62.53±3.42	2.20±0.07	1.6±0.08
灌木	红砂Reaumuria songarica	73.27±0.48	2.58±0.01	1.87±0.01
	毛刺锦鸡儿Caragana tibetica	84.05±6.34	2.96±0.13	2.15±0.16
	叉子圆柏Juniperus sabina	148.85±3.62	5.24±0.07	3.81±0.09
	柽柳Tamarix chinensis	205.55±3.45	7.24±0.07	5.26±0.08
	珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia	146.96±8.27	5.17±0.17	3.76±0.21