In the main area of tarim basin where desert forest is distributed,five sample plots are set up for field survey and plant community species composition,horizontal (density) structure,vertical structure and pattern of the distribution of P.euphratica pattern are analyzed in certain radioactive-polluted area. The study aims to understand the desert forest community structure in the study area and pattern of distribution of P.euphratica for Xinjiang desert forest sustainable management and provides the management basis.Results show that the desert forest species composition has 18 species in the study area,trees and shrubs layer is single species.There are mainly P.euphratica and tamarix.The important value of glycyrrhiza is maximum in herb layer. The density structure shows P.euphratica average density is gradually reduced,shrub density is in contrast to the density of P.euphratica in upstream,tamarisk plexus density increases from the upper reaches of the tarim river its to middle reaches.The vertical structure is simple and complete,three layers are trees,shrubs and herbs,but there is obvious difference between the average heights,P.euphratica is higher in the upstream than in the middle reaches,shrub tamarisk is higher in the upstream area than middle reaches,which shows that the growth of tamarisk is more suitable for the place of sparse desert forest restricted by water condition.The spatial pattern of P.euphratica distribution shows random distribution in Bachu,the spatial pattern is a clumped distribution in Moyu,Awati,Shaya and Luntai counties,gathering strength from tarim river upstream to middle luntai is gradually strengthen,which shows the individual adapts to the changes of living environment (groundwater).