Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP),the ecological vulnerability assessment of Yijinhuoluo Banner region in Inner Mongolia was carried out.The DEM data with SRTM 30m resolution and landsat 8 remote sensing images in July 2017 were used to obtain the four evaluation indexes of altitude,slope,vegetation coverage and soil erosion modulus.The factor weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP),and the ecological vulnerability index was calculated to determine the ecological vulnerability zones.The results showed that the general area accounted for 6.78%,mainly distributed in the central and southern water aggregation region;The area of low-degree vulnerable areas accounts for 68.53%,mainly distributed in the east,south,northeast and west-central regions.The area of moderate vulnerable areas accounts for 24.29%,mainly distributed in the northern,western and northeastern parts of Yijinhoro Banner.Severe vulnerable areas accounted for only 0.4% of the total area.In the rainy season,attention should be paid to the prevention of soil erosion and mountain flood disasters in ecologically fragile areas,while in the dry season,attention should be paid to the prevention of wind,sand fixation and cold wave damage.