Based on the MOD13Q1 dataset from 2001 to 2017 in the Manas River Watershed,the spatial-temporal variation of NDVI and the main driving factors were analyzed by using the methods of linear regression and correlation analysis.The results showed that the annual NDVI of the Manas River Watershed significantly increased in the past 17 years,especially in the seasons of summer and autumn with increment magnitudes at 0.006 2,0.004 0 per year,respectively.However,the annual NDVI in spring and winter did not show significant increase trends.The annual NDVI of cropland showed a very significant increase in summer,and the annual NDVI of grassland showed a significant growth trend in both summer and autumn,but with a lower rate than that of cropland.Meanwhile,the annual of forest land and bare land did not show increase trend in four seasons.Spatially,there is heterogeneity in the trend of NDVI change.The NDVI in the central part of the basin showed the most significant increase.The annual of NDVI per unit area of grassland,forest land,and bare land were mainly driven by rainfall,but it has no significant relationship with temperature.However,there was no correlation between the overall annual NDVI of the Manas River Watershed and climate factors.The cropland in the study area increased rapidly during 2001—2017.The area of cropland showed a significant positive correlation with the annual NDVI in the growing season.As a result,it was evident to conclude that the vegetation change in this region was mainly affected by human activities.