In order to study the soil fertility between the transformed and untransformed stands of Cunninghamia lanceolata ecological public welfare forests in different age groups,the young,middle-aged and near mature forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Fushou Forest State-owned Farm of Hunan Province was taken as object of study and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was used to evaluate the soil fertility of management plot and control plot in different age groups.The results showed that the three criteria of the soil fertility evaluation of Cunninghamia lanceolata ecological public welfare forest in Fushou Forest Farm are soil environmental conditions(0.106 2),soil physical properties(0.206 5) and soil nutrients(0.633 3). There were 9 sample plots with poor level soil fertility grades in 18 plots,all of which were control sample plots,and 8 plots were middle level,all of which were management plots,with a good level plot,there were no poor and excellent level plots,and the proportions of poor,medium and good level plots were 50%,44.4% and 5.6% respectively.The soil fertility scores of the three age groups were middle-aged forest > near-mature forest > young forest,and the scores of the control plots and the management plots of the different age groups were significantly different.The soil fertility scores of the management plots were higher than the control plots,showing that thinning and replanting of native tree species can improve soil fertility.