欢迎访问林草资源研究

Forest and Grassland Resources Research >

2026 , Vol. 0 >Issue 1: 34 - 45

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2026.01.004

Scientific Research

Comprehensive evaluation of stand state in Pinus massoniana plantations based on multi-dimensional indicators

  • LI Xingzhi ,
  • ZHU Jie ,
  • CHAI Zongzheng
Expand
  • College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

Received date: 2025-11-24

  Revised date: 2026-01-15

  Online published: 2026-08-07

Fold

Abstract

Accurate assessment of stand state is of great significance for optimizing forest structure and improving timber production and ecological functions.In this study,Pinus massoniana plantations were selected as the research objects.A total of 24 sample plots were established across four age groups,including young,middle-aged,near-mature,and mature stands.Based on the unit circle method,the distance-independent evaluation index(ω1),the distance-dependent evaluation index(ω2),and the comprehensive evaluation index(ω)were constructed to characterize macroscopic stand attributes,microscopic spatial structure,and overall stand state,respectively.Differences in stand state among age groups and their dynamic change patterns with stand age were then analyzed.The results showed that:1)Stand states differed significantly among age groups.Tree dominance,health status,tree species composition,species diversity and mingling degree increased significantly with stand age.The stand structure gradually transitioned from a simple and single-species state in young stands toward a more complex,highly mixed and optimized state in mature stands.2)Differences among age groups exhibited distinct stage-specific patterns across the evaluation indices。The ω1 and ω were significantly higher in near-mature stands than in young and middle-aged stands (P<0.05),with no significant differences between near-mature and mature stands; ω2 was significantly higher in near-mature stands than in young stands and significantly higher in mature stands than in the other three age groups.The near-mature stage was a key stage at which the overall stand state improved significantly.3)Regression analysis showed thatω1,ω2 and ω were significantly positively correlated with stand age,with coefficients of determination(R2)of 0.292(P<0.05),0.761(P<0.001),and 0.682(P<0.001),respectively,indicating that stand states were gradually optimized with increasing stand age.Among them,ω2 had stronger explanatory ability in characterizing changes in stand state,while ω integrated both macroscopic and microscopic information,maintaining relatively high explanatory power while providing a more comprehensive reflection of the overall stand state.These results provide a reference for stand state evaluation,structural optimization and stage-specific management of Pinus massoniana plantations.

Key words： Pinus massoniana plantation; stand state; forest management; unit circle method

Cite this article

LI Xingzhi , ZHU Jie , CHAI Zongzheng . Comprehensive evaluation of stand state in Pinus massoniana plantations based on multi-dimensional indicators[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2026 , 0(1) : 34 -45 . DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2026.01.004

References

[1] Liu Ziye, Feng Zhongke, Chang Chen. GEF Innovative forest management plan:taking grassland forest farm in Fengning county as an example[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(13):7795.
[2] Borecki T. Importance of the forest management in the sustainable forest economy[J]. Sylwan, 2008, 152(1):9-14.
[3] Ba?kent E Z, Kele? S, Kadlo?ulla A ?, et al. Quantifying the effects of forest management strategies on the production of forest values:timber,carbon,oxygen,water,and soil[J]. Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 2011, 16(2):145-152.
[4] Sheng Qi, Dong Lingbo, Chen Ying, et al. Selection of the optimal timber harvest based on optimizing stand spatial structure of broadleaf mixed forests[J]. Forests, 2023, 14(10):2046.
[5] Canton H. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations:FAO[M]// Europa Publications.The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021.23rd ed. London: Routledge, 2021.
[6] Luyssaert S, Schulze E D, B?rner A, et al. Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks[J]. Nature, 2008, 455(7210):213-215.
[7] Zhang Ganggang, Hui Gangying, Zhang Gongqiao, et al. A novel comprehensive evaluation method of forest state based on unit circle[J]. Forests, 2019, 10(1):5.
[8] 惠刚盈, 张弓乔, 赵中华, 等. 天然混交林最优林分状态的π值法则[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(5):1-8.
[9] Pommerening A. Approaches to quantifying forest structures[J]. Forestry, 2002, 75(3):305-324.
[10] Dong Lingbo, Wei Hongyang, Liu Zhaogang. Optimizing forest spatial structure with neighborhood-based indices:four case studies from northeast China[J]. Forests, 2020, 11(4):413.
[11] Wan Pan, Zhang Gongqiao, Wang Hongxiang, et al. Impacts of different forest management methods on the stand spatial structure of a natural Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata forest in Xiaolongshan,China[J]. Ecological Informatics, 2019, 50:86-94.
[12] Fu Liyong, Lei Xiangdong, Hu Zongda, et al. Integrating regional climate change into allometric equations for estimating tree aboveground biomass of Masson pine in China[J]. Annals of Forest Science, 2017, 74(2):42.
[13] Zhang Yan, Zhang Danju, Li Xun, et al. Contribution of soil fauna to the degradation of recalcitrant components in cinnamomum camphora foliar litter in different-sized gaps in Pinus massoniana plantations[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2019, 30(3):931-941.
[14] 申鹏, 周雯, 柴宗政. 近自然经营对马尾松种群结构及分布格局的影响[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2024, 44(3):35-42.
[15] Tu Jing, Zhao Zhongwen, Chai Zongzheng. The short-term impact of logging intensity on the stand state of middle-aged Masson pine(pinus massoniana Lamb.) Plantations[J]. Forests, 2025, 16(1):183.
[16] 赵中华, 惠刚盈. 基于林分状态特征的森林自然度评价:以甘肃小陇山林区为例[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(12):9-16.
[17] Pukkala T, L?hde E, Laiho O. Continuous cover forestry in Finland-recent research results[M]. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012.
[18] 惠刚盈, 张连金, 胡艳波, 等. 林分拥挤度及其应用[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2016, 38(10):1-6.
[19] 汤孟平, 唐守正, 李希菲, 等. 树种组成指数及其应用[J]. 林业资源管理, 2003(2):33-36.
[20] Cabello-Solorzano K, Ortigosa De Araujo I, Pe?a M, et al. The impact of data normalization on the accuracy of machine learning algorithms:a comparative analysis[C]//García Bringas P,Pérez García H,Martínez De Pisón F J,et al. 18th International conference on soft computing models in industrial and environmental applications(SOCO 2023). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023:344-353.
[21] 惠刚盈, 胡艳波. 混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2001(1):23-27.
[22] Clark P J, Evans F C. Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations[J]. Ecology, 1954, 35(4):445-453.
[23] 邹丰虎, 赵中文, 黄建平, 等. 基于模拟采伐马尾松人工林的空间结构优化决策[J]. 温带林业研究, 2021, 4(4):11-16.
[24] 柴宗政. 基于相邻木关系的森林空间结构量化评价及R语言编程实现:以秦岭中山带典型次生林为例[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[25] 严兰, 谭伟, 柴宗政. 不同龄组柳杉人工林林分结构分析[J]. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 48(3):316-324.
[26] 惠刚盈, 赵中华, 胡艳波, 等. 基于结构参数均值的林分空间结构综合评价研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2023, 36(2):12-21.
[27] Bāders E, J?giste K, Elferts D, et al. Storm legacies shaping post-windthrow forest regeneration:learnings from spatial indices in unmanaged Norway spruce stands[J]. European Journal of Forest Research, 2021, 140(4):819-833.
[28] Kassier H W. Forest dynamics,growth and yield:from measurement to model[J]. Southern Forests:A Journal of Forest Science, 2011, 73(1):63-65.
[29] Messier C, Puettmann K J. Forests as complex adaptive systems:implications for forest management and modelling[J]. L’italia Forestale E Montana, 2011, 66(3):249-258.
[30] Kint V. Structural development in ageing temperate Scots pine stands[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 214(1):237-250.
[31] O’hara K L. Multiaged silviculture:managing for complex forest stand structures[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
[32] Zeller L, Prechzsch H. Effect of forest structure on stand productivity in central european forests depends on developmental stage and tree species diversity[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2019, 434:193-204.
[33] 朱洁, 李兴志, 刘云山, 等. 马尾松人工林空间结构评价及动态分析[J]. 西部林业科学, 2025, 54(3):9-17.
[34] Prechzsch H. Forest dynamics,growth and yield:from measurement to model[M]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009.
[35] Wang Boheng, Zhou Chaofan, Liu Di, et al. Stability and spatial structure of Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis carr.) plantations in loess hilly region:a case study from Huanglong mountain[J]. Forests, 2023, 14(9):1921.
[36] 姜俊, 谢阳生, 陆元昌, 等. 不同林龄阶段马尾松人工林群落结构特征及经营策略[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2015, 30(6):1-7.
[37] 陈超, 赵吟吟, 俞家聪, 等. 基于角尺度、混交度和胸径优势度的杉木混交林空间结构优化[J]. 林草资源研究, 2025(1):38.
[38] 李佳妮, 胡杨, 杨君珑. 基于无人机激光雷达的贺兰山青海云杉林空间结构分析与促进更新模拟研究[J]. 林草资源研究, 2025(4):52-61.
[39] Zhao Zhonghua, Hui Gangying, Yang Aimin, et al. Assessing tree species diversity in forest ecosystems:a new approach[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 10:971585.
[40] Dong Lingbo, Bettinger Pete, Liu Zhaogang. Optimizing neighborhood-based stand spatial structure:four cases of boreal forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2022, 506:119965.
[41] Fang Xianfeng, Tan Wei, Chai Zongzheng. Close-to-nature management positively improves the spatial structure of Masson pine forest stands[J]. Web Ecology, 2021, 21:45-54.
[42] Yang Senlin, Mao Kangshan, Yang Hao, et al. Stand characteristics and ecological benefits of Chinese fir,Chinese cedar,and mixed plantations in the mountainous areas of the Sichuan basin[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2023, 544:121168.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉