According to the operational data of natural hardwood forests in Guangdong Province,using the theories of forest resource asset evaluation and research findings on the value of natural forests,this study evaluated the existing and potential natural forests at different age points.The assessment measured the various ecological product values that can be realized through resource assetization and value monetization.Against the backdrop of the current Natural Forest Protection Project,government financial subsidies were proposed as the optimal approach to realizing the ecological product value of natural forests.This subsidy scheme encompassed several aspects,including compensation for increased economic conversion value of mountain forest prices with improved ecological efficiency,compensation or funding for operational losses resulting from selective cutting or cessation of logging,and subsidies for economic losses incurred due to mature,renewable timber that cannot be harvested due to restrictions.Based on the principle of opportunity cost,scientifically fair and equitable fiscal subsidy standards for selective logging or cessation of logging were proposed.A comparison with the current implementation standards revealed a significant inadequacy in the current standards,highlighting significant room for improvement.The proposed methodology of this study was scientific and provided technical references for formulating and revising policies on fiscal compensation for ecological benefits.It also offered theoretical support for the transfer and redemption of collective and individual natural forests in the construction of nature reserves.Additionally,this research provided practical guidance for the valuation of public ecological assets in nature reserves.