Xichuan County of Henan Province is the source of the middle route project of South to North Water Diversion with the China’s largest artificial freshwater reservoir.And its ecological environment affects the water quality and safety of the whole middle route project.There are varrying degrees of rocky desertification land in Xichuan County,especially the rocky desertification around Danjiangkou reservoir is more serious.In order to achieve the goal of “a river of clear water flowing into the reservoir,a reservoir of clean water dispatched to the north”,artificial afforestation and restore ecological environment should be implemented,it is urgent to control rocky desertification.In order to improve the survival rate of afforestation,according to the degree of rocky desertification and site type,the species selection,soil preparation and tending techniques of afforestation in rocky desertification area of Xichuan County were put forward.