In order to expose the differences of seeds sowing qualities and seedling growths of Larix gmelinii between different provenances for provenance selection,this paper used anova method to analyze the differences of seed purity,seed soundness,seed viability,thousand seed weight,germination rate,seedling height,basal diameter,crown breadth,root range,> 2cm lateral root number,main root length and fibrous root length between provenances. Meanwhile it used principal component to analyze the indexes of seeds and seedlings and finally ranked the provenances by the provenance score.The results showed that using the seed quality and planting seedlings growth indicators for provenance selection is effective.The indexes except basal diameter and root range were significantly different among provenances.Provenance selection based on seedling height and fibrous root length has great improvement potential.Fibrous root length and seedling height were under high-intensity genetic control,the broad-sense heritability were 0.936 and 0.850 respectively;crown breadth,> 2cm lateral root number,and main root length were under moderate-intensity genetic control;basal diameter and root range were under low-intensity genetic control.On the basis of comprehensive analysis,this paper preliminarily considered that Heilongjiang Amur,Inner Mongolia Gold River,Heilongjiang Huzhong and Inner Mongolia Moerdaoga provenances have good performances,but the conclusion should be further validated in future regional afforestation.