In order to effectively curb the continuous high incidence of illegal logging crimes and build prevention and control measures conducive to the construction of ecological civilization,302 cases of illegal logging crime of first instance were studied by empirical analysis method.The main body of crime is mainly young and middle-aged male farmers,most of whom have a junior middle school education.The subjective aspect of crime is to make profits and meet the needs of production and life.The objective aspect of the crime is that there are few cases of illegal cutting of young trees,the average amount of illegal cutting of trees is "huge",but the phenomenon of " light-penalization" is prominent.It is suggested to change the forest value of "emphasizing economic value but ignoring ecological value" from the perspective of understanding,promote forestry ecological poverty alleviation from the perspective of policy,establish the ecological legal interest of criminal law from the perspective of legislation,protect ecological security through multidimensional prevention and control measures,and build a beautiful China.