The Design of the Pinus massoniana-Quercus griffithii Mixed Forest Clear-cutting Silviculture System

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2017.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Close-to-nature forestry (CTNF) aims to maintain and enhance the multiple functions of forest.The design of the silviculture systems adapting to the CTNF is a key step in the implementation of CTNF,as well as a challenge to the forest managers in China.Using the data accumulated from the Experimental Centre of Tropical Forestry (ECTF),Chinese Academy of Forestry,this study analyzed the growth of P.massoniana and its multiple accompany species in the P.massoniana-broadleaved mixed forests,which were converted from the P.massoniana monocultures by installing various broadleaved species in the understorey.The results suggested the admixing of P.massoniana and Q.griffithii benefited the growth of both species.The P.massoniana-Q.griffithii mixed forest clear-cutting silviculture system was therefore proposed,providing a detailed demonstration of the design of the silviculture system adapting to the close-to-nature forestry,which would facilitate the close-to-nature conversion of P.massoniana plantation in China.

Key words: close-to-nature silviculture, coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest, Pinus massoniana, Quercusgriffithii, full-cycle forest cultivation process table, stem growth

CLC Number:

S752.1

WANG Xiaoming, LU Yuanchang, XING Haitao, JIA Hongyan, LIU Xianzhao, XIE Yangsheng, Zeng Ji. The Design of the Pinus massoniana-Quercus griffithii Mixed Forest Clear-cutting Silviculture System[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2017, (6): 47-53.

Figures/Tables 4

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伴生树种	样地	总密度 /(株/hm²)	混交比例
伴生树种	样地	总密度 /(株/hm²)	马尾松 P.massoniana	大叶栎 Q.griffithii	格木 E.fordiis	红锥 C.hytrix	灰木莲 M.glance	其他
大叶栎QuGr	I-A4	480	0.89	0.09	—	—	—	0.01
	III-A2	420	0.77	0.20	—	—	—	0.03
大叶栎-格木	I-A2	735	0.70	0.23	0.01	—	—	0.05
QuGr-ErFo	II-A2	600	0.78	0.17	0.01	—	—	0.05
大叶栎-灰木莲	II-A4	540	0.88	0.07	—	—	0.02	0.02
QuGr-MaGl	III-A3	555	0.79	0.09	—	—	0.09	0.02
红锥-大叶栎-灰木莲	II-A1	525	0.93	0.03	—	0.02	0.005	0.02
CaHy-QuGr-MaGl	II-A3	600	0.83	0.01	—	0.01	0.08	0.07
	III-A4	315	0.88	0.04	—	0.04	0.03	0.01
红锥-灰木莲	I-A1	690	0.79	—	—	0.09	0.09	0.03
CaHy-MaGl	I-A3	495	0.88	—	—	0.02	0.1	0.01
红锥CaHy	III-A1	420	0.93	—	—	0.06	—	0.01
对照Contrast	I-A5	765	1.00	—	—	—	—	—
	II-A5	630	1.00	—	—	—	—	—
	III-A5	510	1.00	—	—	—	—	—

生长参数	大叶栎	大叶栎-格木	大叶栎-灰木莲		红锥-大叶栎-灰木莲			红锥-灰木莲		红锥
生长参数	大叶栎	大叶栎	大叶栎	灰木莲	大叶栎	红锥	灰木莲	红锥	灰木莲	红锥
胸径/cm	15.0±5.1a	15.0±4.8a	13.9±5.1a	9.5±3.3c	13.3±3.1ab	7.7±3.1c	10.6±2.3bc	7.7±1.8c	10.3±3.0 c	9.5±1.9c
树高/m	12.3±3.1a	13.3±2.5a	12.1±3.1a	8.1±2.1b	13.7±2.1a	8.5±2.6b	9.1±2.8b	8.0±2.0b	7.8±1.9b	9.0±1.4b

树种配置	胸径年生长量/(cm/a)	断面积年生长/(m²/a)	材积年生长量/(m²/a)
大叶栎	1.2±0.5b	0.0038±0.0018ab	0.0451±0.0226bc
大叶栎-格木	1.4±0.4a	0.0042±0.0016a	0.0540±0.0266ab
大叶栎-灰木莲	1.4±0.3a	0.0043±0.0014a	0.0564±0.0202ab
红锥-大叶栎-灰木莲	1.2±0.4b	0.0032±0.0014b	0.0423±0.0198c
红锥-灰木莲	1.4±0.3a	0.0043±0.0012a	0.0563±0.0173ab
红锥	1.5±0.3a	0.0043±0.0011a	0.0622±0.0159a
对照组	0.6±0.3c	0.0014±0.0011c	0.0236±0.0179d

作业法名称		马尾松-大叶栎混交林皆伐作业法
目标林相 (发展类型)		混交比例为松7栎3;马尾松初植密度160~170株/亩(本研究取176株/亩,即2 505株/hm²),目标为60~80株/亩(本研究中培育周期结束时马尾松为65株/亩,即975株/hm²)。目标直径为松25cm,栎20~25 cm,主伐蓄积量大于18m³/亩 (270m³/hm²)。
全周期培育过程	培育周期	马尾松:25年;大叶栎:18年(均属于短轮伐期经营)
	作业安排和技术参数	1)t=0时造林,本研究取初植密度为2 505株/hm²;造林后2年内进行幼树侧方割灌除草。 2)t=7时疏伐(本研究抚育强度为26%),后林下补植大叶栎,密度为1 050株/ha。 3)t=14时,大叶栎进入次林层,进行第1次生长伐(本研究抚育强度为20%),马尾松优势个体作为潜在目标树(平均每亩可选10株左右),为其做自由树冠,从而促进这些目标树和其他保留木的生长。 4)t=21时,大叶栎开始进入主林层,进行第2次生长伐(本研究抚育强度为20%)。继续围绕目标树和生长比较优秀的个体做自由树冠,调整林分结构,促进生长。 5)t=25时皆伐收获马尾松和大叶栎,后进行局部整地和人工造林更新。大叶栎林层:t=7时(马尾松疏伐后)补植;t=25时皆伐。
	注意事项	1)间伐时需精细作业,避免对大叶栎造成损伤。 2)抚育或采伐中注意维护林缘的特别小生境. 3)人工植苗更新,但尽可能保留和利用部分天然更新幼苗幼树。