Responses of cone and seed morphological traits of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica to environmental factors in northwest China

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2025.04.007

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the variation of cone and seed morphological traits of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica in the northwest area and their relationship with the environment,we used the cones and seeds of P.sylvestris var.mongolica forests from the following four locations as experimental materials:Dengkou County,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;Ejin Horo Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;Minqin County,Wuwei City,Gansu Province;and Honghua’erji Town,Evenk Autonomous Banner,Hulunbuir City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.We studied the effects of climate and soil on cone and seed morphological traits of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.The results indicated the following:1) The variation coefficients of cone and seed morphological traits in the four regions ranged from 1.60% to 48.22%.The inter-regional variation coefficient was higher than that within the same region.The variation of cone morphological traits was always higher than that of seed morphological traits.2) The order of cone morphological traits from large to small in the four regions was as follows:Honghua’erji Town,Ejin Horo Banner,Dengkou County,Minqin County.3) The cone length (CL),seed length (SL),and samara length (TL) of P.sylvestris var.mongolica were significantly positively correlated with hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) (P<0.05),but the seed weight (SW) and seed volume (SV) were negatively correlated with AN and AP.4) The aridity index (AL) was negatively correlated with most cone and seed morphological traits,while the average annual precipitation (AAP) was positively correlated with many cone and some seed morphological traits.In general,the 12 environmental factors had an contribution rate of up to 99.99% for the cone and seed morphological traits of P.sylvestris var.mongolica.The contribution rate of meteorological factors was 88.10%,and that of soil factors was only 11.89%.The AAP had an contribution rate of up to 86.40% for the variation in cone and seed morphological traits of P.sylvestris var.mongolica across the four regions,indicating that AAP was the key environmental factor driving the phenotypic variation of cones and seeds.

Key words: cone, seed, Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica, climate factors, soil factors

CLC Number:

S729.19

CHEN Xiaona, HAO Yuguang, ZHAO Naqi, LU Jiahua, BAI Qinwen. Responses of cone and seed morphological traits of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica to environmental factors in northwest China[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2025, (4): 62-70.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 32

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采集地点	地理坐标	海拔/m	年均降水量/mm	年均气温/℃	年均日照时数/h
民勤县	38.59°N,102.97°E	1 325.9	113.2	7.60	3 134.5
磴口县	40.34°N,106.94°E	1 050.0	148.6	7.40	3 211.7
伊金霍洛旗	39.25°N,109.78°E	1 416.0	377.0	7.06	3 011.0
红花尔基镇	48.25°N,120.02°E	818.0	398.8	-1.30	2 800.0

指标	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差	变异系数/%
CL/mm	56.42	41.97	46.14	4.14	8.98
CW/mm	26.91	19.71	23.00	2.14	9.30
FSC/个	2 756.00	521.00	1 786.00	855.17	47.88
FSW/g	25.89	5.34	16.69	8.05	48.22
TSC/个	3 190.00	1 133.00	2 380.25	756.93	31.80
HFW/g	1 542.63	648.24	949.97	242.12	25.49
FSR/%	86.39	45.98	70.52	15.70	22.26
SL/mm	5.11	4.84	4.94	0.08	1.60
SW/mm	3.16	2.93	3.06	0.07	2.36
SV/mm³	22.51	19.09	20.85	1.04	5.00
SA/mm²	35.45	32.39	33.84	0.92	2.72
SL/SW	1.71	1.57	1.62	0.05	3.17
TL/mm	22.13	18.56	19.93	1.26	6.33
TW/mm	6.67	6.13	6.37	0.18	2.90
SN/g	1.10	0.91	1.01	0.06	5.67

指标	红花尔基镇			伊金霍洛旗			磴口县			民勤县
FSC/个	2 577.33	±	214.81 a	2 512.67	±	145.18 a	1 405.33	±	186.00 b	648.67	±	177.22 c
	(8.33)			(5.78)			(13.24)			(27.32)
TSC/个	3 036	±	172.24 a	3 017.33	±	107.04 a	2 142	±	148.65 b	1 325.67	±	284.15 c
	(5.67)			(3.55)			(6.94)			(21.43)
FSR/%	84.81	±	2.38 a	83.23	±	1.97 a	65.49	±	5.30 b	48.55	±	2.79 c
	(2.81)			(2.37)			(8.09)			(5.74)
HFW/g	1 216.98	±	283.08 a	1 014.31	±	41.55 ab	869.11	±	144.07 bc	699.45	±	51.87 c
	(23.26)			(4.10)			(16.58)			(7.42)
FSW/g	24.17	±	2.64 a	23.65	±	1.53 a	12.71	±	0.46 b	6.23	±	1.52 c
	(10.92)			(6.47)			(3.65)			(24.41)
CL/mm	51.78	±	4.11 a	44.21	±	0.27 b	45.42	±	3.03 b	43.17	±	0.90 b
	(7.93)			(0.61)			(6.67)			(2.09)
CW/mm	24.68	±	1.94 a	23.89	±	0.60 a	23.04	±	2.14 ab	20.38	±	0.88 b
	(7.86)			(2.51)			(9.29)			(4.31)
SN/g	1.02	±	0.02 b	0.95	±	0.04 c	0.99	±	0.03 bc	1.09	±	0.02 a
	(1.49)			(3.71)			(2.67)			(1.41)
TL/mm	21.86	±	0.27 a	19.35	±	0.23 b	19.23	±	0.28 b	19.27	±	1.05 b
	(1.24)			(1.21)			(1.46)			(5.46)
TW/mm	6.43	±	0.12 a	6.22	±	0.02 b	6.60	±	0.06 a	6.24	±	0.16 b
	(1.80)			(0.30)			(0.92)			(2.61)
SL/mm	5.03	±	0.08 a	4.87	±	0.03 b	4.92	±	0.05 ab	4.92	±	0.07 ab
	(1.57)			(0.63)			(0.95)			(1.52)
SW/mm	2.96	±	0.02 c	3.04	±	0.02 b	3.13	±	0.03 a	3.10	±	0.04 a
	(0.83)			(0.74)			(1.00)			(1.39)
SL/SW	1.70	±	0.02 a	1.60	±	0.00 b	1.58	±	0.01 c	1.59	±	0.00 bc
	(1.22)			(0.12)			(0.37)			(0.26)
SV/mm³	19.65	±	0.71 b	20.47	±	0.24 ab	21.61	±	0.65 a	21.68	±	0.86 a
	(3.60)			(1.17)			(2.99)			(3.95)
SA/ mm²	32.95	±	0.80 b	33.46	±	0.29 ab	34.47	±	0.66 a	34.48	±	0.94 a
	(2.43)			(0.88)			(1.90)			(2.73)

地区	pH	OM/(g/kg)	TN/(g/kg)	TP/(g/kg)	TK/(g/kg)	AN/(mg/kg)	AP/(mg/kg)	AK/(mg/kg)
红花尔基镇	7.81±0.03 b	22.54±3.14 a	1.03±0.04 a	0.25±0.02 b	24.12±1.95 ab	155.52±15.20 a	6.60±0.75 a	360.17±29.84 b
伊金霍洛旗	7.99±0.01 a	4.92±0.27 b	0.35±0.02 c	0.27±0.05 b	25.13±4.37 ab	32.22±0.79 c	1.55±0.23 c	254.83±13.65 c
磴口县	7.92±0.09 ab	18.92±3.27 a	0.92±0.14 a	0.49±0.02 a	26.60±3.80 a	66.53±7.76 b	1.65±0.05 c	415.67±13.34 a
民勤县	7.81±0.09 b	8.48±0.46 b	0.62±0.06 b	0.3±0.04 b	19.59±1.02 b	40.28±8.85 c	3.10±0.49 b	235.67±36.10 c

环境因子	贡献率/%	重要性排序	F	P
AAP	86.40	1	63.50	0.002
AK	8.50	2	15.00	0.002
TP	0.70	8	1.30	0.300
pH	0.50	9	0.90	0.428
TN	1.20	5	2.50	0.114
AL	0.70	7	1.80	0.230
AAS	1.00	4	3.80	0.070
TK	0.40	6	2.20	0.218
AN	0.50	3	8.10	0.052
AP	0.00	10	0.40	0.628
OM	0.00	11	0.00	1.000