城市绿地能改善小气候,缓解城市热岛效应。依据《地面气象观测规范》的要求,于2013年6月至2014年1月,对天津市水上公园林内、林外气象因子进行了连续同步测定,定量研究了林分调节城市小气候的生态效应。结果表明:1)太阳辐射量在8月份达到最大值,林外比林内高出近3倍。2)降雨量在7月份达到最大值,林内占林外降雨量的67%。3)冬季风速一般高于夏季,林内相比于林外可消减风速27%~73%,主导风向为西南风和北风。4)林内与林外相比,在夏季,林分起到降温保湿的作用;在秋冬季,林分起到保温降湿的作用。5)土壤温度与气温变化基本一致。研究结果可为林分改善城市小气候提供数据支持。
Urban green space can improve the microclimate and alleviate urban heat island effect.From June 2013 to January 2014,according to“Surface meteorological observation Standard”,two surface meteorological observation stations with same instruments were set up inside and outside the forest in Tianjin Water Park for continuously determining the meteorological factors inside and outside the forest,and the forest’effects on city microclimate regulation was quantitatively researched.The results indicated that:1)Solar radiation peaked in August,outside nearly three times higher than in the forest.2)Precipitation reached maximum in July,in the forest,it only accounted for 67% of the outside.3)Wind speed in winter was higher than in summer,compared with the outside,forest could reduce 27%~73%,and the leading wind direction was south-west and north.4)Compared with outside the forest,in summer,the forest played a role in cooling and moisturizing;in autumn and winter,it played a role in raising temperature and lowering wetness.5)The change of soil temperature was consistent with the air temperature.The results can provide sound basis for forest improving urban microclimate.
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