采用野外实地观测与室内浸提法,对色季拉山5种主要针叶林:方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)、西藏红杉(Larix griffithiana)、林芝云杉(Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis)、高山松(Pinus densata)和急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei var.smithii)林地凋落物的储量、持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行了研究。结果表明:5种针叶林林下凋落物储量范围在8.48～19.2t/hm2,大小顺序表现为:高山松林>急尖长苞冷杉林>林芝云杉林>方枝柏林>西藏红杉林;最大持水量表现为:急尖长苞冷杉林>高山松林>西藏红杉林>林芝云杉林>方枝柏林;最大持水率为:西藏红杉林>急尖长苞冷杉林>林芝云杉林>高山松林>方枝柏林,且持水量、持水率与浸泡时间表现出明显的对数函数关系;凋落物吸水速率为:西藏红杉林>急尖长苞冷杉林>林芝云杉林>高山松林>方枝柏林,且与浸泡时间表现了明显的幂函数关系。研究结果可为该区域森林涵养水源评价及水源涵养林的持续利用提供理论基础。
The water-holding characteristics of litter were analyzed in the paper,including the total storage capacity,water holding capacity,water rate and water absorption rate for Sabina saltuaria forest,Larix griffithiana forest,Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis forest,Pinus densata forest,Abies georgei var.smithii forest by the field observation and indoor extraction.The results showed that the total storage capacity of litter ranged from 8.48 t/ hm2 to 19.2 t/hm2,and the order was P.densata forest>A.georgei var.smithii forest>P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis forest>S.saltuaria forest>L.griffithiana forest.The maximum water holding capacity of litter presents A.georgei var.smithii forest>P.densata forest>L.griffithiana forest>P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis forest>S.saltuaria forest.The maximum proportional water holding capacity of litter was Larix griffithiana forest>Abies georgei var.smithii forest>P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis forest>P.densata forest>S.saltuaria forest.The water holding capacity and the proportional water holding capacity of litter increased logarithmically with the soaking time.The water absorption rate of litter was L.griffithiana forest>A.georgei var.smithii forest>P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis forest>P.densata forest>S.saltuaria forest.The water absorption rate with soaking time was an obvious power function.The research results provided a theoretical basis for sustainable utilization and resources evaluation of water conservation forest in the Sejila Mount.
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