以20块6种不同密度梯度的北京地区低山阴坡厚土40a左右油松人工林为研究对象,分析其林分生长、树冠生长、林下植物多样性以及林下生物量对林分密度的响应关系,研究结果表明:胸径、树高、冠幅随林分密度的增大而减小,当林分密度增大到1 500株/hm2时,减小的趋势趋于稳定;枝长平均生长量、连年生长量均随年龄的增大有先增加后下降的趋势,林分密度>1 500株/hm2时,枝生长量下降趋势明显;枝材积生长量在各年龄阶段的变化也随林分密度的增大表现出抑制响应,与枝长生长量的变化规律类似;林下灌木、草本物种均匀度指数Jsw,Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均随林分密度的增大而减小;随林分密度的减小,草本层生物量逐渐增加,灌木层生物量先增加后略减,林分密度为1 000～1 200株/hm2时灌木生物量最大,为3 802.94kg/hm2。对于北京低山阴坡厚土40a左右的油松人工林来说,经营密度宜为1 000～1 500株/hm2。
This paper studied the changes in stand growth,understory plant diversity,forest biomass and crown growth of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation (40 years old or so) under the different conditions of stand density at low hill shade slope.Results showed that:DBH,tree height,crown width decreased with stand density increase,when stand density increases to 1500 individuals per hectare,the reduced tendency was to stabilize.The average amount of branch length growth,year after year volume growth increased with age increase and then decreased afterwards.With stand density>1500 individuals per hectare,the average amount of branch length growth decreased significantly.Branch volume increment also increases with stand density that shows inhibition of response,and the amount of branch length variation of a similar growth.As stand density increases,the understory shrubs,herbaceous species evenness index Jsw,Simpson diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index decreased.With stand density decreases,the herb layer biomass increased gradually,shrub layer biomass increased and slightly reduced.The biomass of shrubs was maximum when stand density was 1000-1200 individuals per hectare.For Beijing low hill shade slope Pinus tabulaeformis plantation (40 years old or so),the management density is between 1000-1500 individuals per hectare.
[1] 刁淑清,沈海龙,潘建中,等.樟子松人工幼林密度与个体生长指标的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2005,33(6):4-7.
[2] Evans J.Plantation Forestry in the Tropics[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1977.
[3] 权伍贤,牛永杰,张迎新,等.长白落叶松工业用材林初植密度选择及收获研究[J].防护林科技,2003,55(2):25-27.
[4] 冯宗炜,王效科,吴刚.中国森林生态系统的生物量和生产力[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:32-36.
[5] 马履一,李春义,王希群,等.不同强度间伐对北京山区油松生长及其林下植物多样性的影响[J].林业科学,2007,43(5):1-9.
[6] 马克平.生物多样性的测度方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994:141-165.
[7] Harper J L.Population Biology of Plants[M].London:Academic Press,1977:42.
[8] Drew T J,Flewelling J W.Stand density management:an alternative approach and its application to Douglas-fir plantation[J].Forest Science,1979,25:518-532.
[9] 王宝,王百田,陈微,等.晋西刺槐和油松人工林密度效应研究[J].福建林学院学报,2011,31(4):324-329.
[10] 王宝,王百田,红玉,等.晋西人工林综合密度效应分析[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(4):167-171.
[11] Knoebel B R,Burkhart H E,Beck D E.A growth and yield model for thinned stands of yellow poplar[J].Forest Science,1986,32(2):27.
[12] 吴际友,龙应忠,董云平.湿地松人工林间伐效果初步研究[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(6):630-633.
[13] 段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京地区侧柏人工林密度效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3206-3214.
[14] 李慧蓉.生物多样性和生态系统功能研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):109-114.
[15] 陈高,代力民,周莉.受干扰长白山阔叶红松林林分组成及冠层结构特征[J].生态学杂志,2004,23 (5):116-120.
[16] Tilman D.Causes consequences and ethics of biodiversity[J].Nature,2000,405:208-211.
[17] 刘玉宝.29年生杉木林下植物多样性与密度的关系[J].福建林学院学报,2005,25(1):1-4.
[18] 马克平.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,2002,15(3):268-277.
[19] 郭建斌,赵陟峰,骆汉.晋西黄土区刺槐林种植密度对植被生长状况的影响[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):80-84.
[20] 鲁绍伟,刘凤芹,周国娜,等.不同植被带植物群落多样性的变化规律研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(21):6528-6530.
[21] 陈灵芝,任继凯,鲍显诚,等.北京西山人工油松林群落学特性及生物量的研究[C]//植物生态学与地植物学丛刊.1984,8(3):173-181.
[22] 盛炜彤.不同密度杉木人工林林下植被发育与演替的定位研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(5):463-471.
[23] 熊有强,盛炜彤,曾满生.不同间伐强度杉木林下植被发育及生物量研究[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(4):408-412.
[24] 雷相东,陆元昌,张会儒,等.抚育间伐对落叶松云冷杉混交林的影响[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):78-85.
