以五指山市林地为研究对象,利用AHP法、主成分分析法和GIS技术,从景观格局和生态敏感性相结合的角度对1998年、2003年、2007年和2012年五指山市林地生态脆弱性进行了动态研究。结果表明:1)2012年五指山市林地类型生态脆弱性为乔木经济林>桉树类>竹林类>灌木经济林>阔叶混>其他硬阔类>其他灌木林>针叶林。不脆弱区、轻度脆弱区、中度脆弱区、高度脆弱区和极度脆弱区面积占比依次为13.19%,18.47%,19.58%,23.02%和25.74%。2)1998—2012年五指山市林地类型的生态脆弱性先上升后稍有下降,人为干扰是林地生态脆弱性变化的主要驱动因素。3)五指山市林地生态脆弱性与聚合度指数极显著相关,与斑块密度和连接度指数显著相关,呈现“两极分化后趋于稳定,再迅速脆弱化”的发展趋势。4)地形地貌是影响五指山市林地生态脆弱性分布和变化的根源。
In this paper,the forestland in Wuzhishan City was taken as a research subject and the AHP method,Principal Component Analysis and GIS technology were used for the dynamic research on the landscape pattern and ecological sensitivity to the forestland of Wuzhishan city in the years of 1998,2003,2007 and 2012.The results showed that:1) The ecological vulnerability of forestland types in 2012 was:economic forest>Eucalyptus>bamboo>shrub economic forest>broadleaf mixed forest>other hardwood category>other shrub forest>coniferous forest.The area of forestland in terms of slight,light,moderate,heave and extreme vulnerability occupied 13.19%,18.47%,19.58%,23.02% and 25.74%.2) The ecological vulnerability of forestland types in the city increased first and then slightly decreased during 1998 to 2012.Human disturbance is the main driving factor to this change in ecological vulnerability of forestland.3) The ecological vulnerability of forestland in the city had a correlation with the degree of polymerization,and had a significant correlation with patch density index and connection index.The variation trend of the ecological vulnerability of forestland is polarized first,become stable and then deteriorate rapidly.4) Topography is the source which affects the distribution and change of ecological vulnerability of forestland in the city.
[1]靳毅,蒙吉军.生态脆弱性评价与预测研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(11):2646-2652.
[2]廖炜,李璐,吴宜进,等.丹江口库区土地利用变化与生态环境脆弱性评价[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(11):1879-1889.
[3]钟晓娟,孙保平,赵岩,等.基于主成分分析的云南省生态脆弱性评价[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):109-113.
[4]Costanza R,Norton B,Haskell B J.Ecosystem Health:New Goals for Environmental Management[D].Washington DC:Island Press,1992:1.
[5]杨青生,乔纪纲,艾彬.快速城市化地区景观生态安全时空演化过程分析——以东莞市为例[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1230-1239.
[6]雷波,焦峰,王志杰,等.黄土丘陵区不同植被带典型小流域生态脆弱性评价[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(5):149-159.
[7]田亚平,常昊.中国生态脆弱性研究进展的文献计量分析[J].地理学报,2012,67(11):1515-1525.
[8]Ford J D,Smit B,Wandel J,et al.Vulnerability to climate change in Igloolik,Nunavut:what we can learn from the past and present[J].Polar Record,2006,42(221):127-138.
[9]孙才志,闫晓露,钟敬秋.下辽河平原景观格局脆弱性及空间关联格局[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):247-257.
[10]邱彭华,徐颂军,谢跟踪,等.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的海南西部地区生态脆弱性分析[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1257-1264.
[11]徐广才,康慕谊,Marc Metzger,等.锡林郭勒盟生态脆弱性[J].生态学报,2012,32(5):1643-1653.
[12]李静,张平宇,李鹤,等.大庆市生态环境脆弱性空间格局[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3279-3284.
[13]刘斌涛,陶和平,刘邵权,等.自然灾害胁迫下区域生态脆弱性动态——以四川省清平乡为例[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):193-198.
[14]全占军,李远,李俊生,等.采煤矿区的生态脆弱性——以内蒙古锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为例[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1729-1738.
[15]徐广才,康慕谊,贺丽娜,等.生态脆弱性及其研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2578-2588.
[16]于法展,陈龙乾,沈正平.苏北低山丘陵区典型森林生态脆弱性评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):188-192.
[17]佘济云,周丹华,刘照程,等.基于GIS的万泉河流域生态敏感性分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):69-73.
[18]徐庆勇,黄玫,刘洪升,等.基于RS和GIS的珠江三角洲生态环境脆弱性综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2987-2995.
[19]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.
[20]余坤勇,刘健,许章华.福建永安市林地脆弱性遥感测定研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(12):49-56.
[21]郭滨,周忠发,苏维词,等.基于格网GIS的喀斯特山区草地生态脆弱性评价[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(2):204-207.
