树木位置是森林样地调查中重要的调查因子,由于林下环境复杂,树木定位的技术方法面临很大的挑战。针对当前树木位置测量技术方法存在的效率低、携带不便、成本高、不适用于非视距测量等问题,提出了一种基于UWB传感器并结合海拔计来获取树木位置信息的方法,并自行设计了树木位置采集装置。选取8个树种多样、坡度不一的样地进行试验。首先,在每个样地中布置四个UWB基站;然后,携带内置UWB定位标签的装置采集每棵树木与各个基站之间的距离;最后,将所采集的数据进行MATLAB仿真,研究不同大小权重值对定位精度的影响。结果表明:存在一个最优权重值,可使平均定位误差下降3.31cm;相较其它四边形定位算法复杂度降低,更适用于枝叶茂密、地形复杂等非视距情况下的树木定位。

Tree location is an important survey factor in forest plot surveys.Due to the complexity of the forest environment,current techniques for tree location are less mature.Aiming at the problems of current tree position measurement methods or technologies,such as low efficiency,inconvenience,high cost,and unsuitability for non-line-of-sight measurement,this paper proposes a method based on UWB sensors combined with an altimeter to obtain tree position information.And designed a tree position sampling device.Eight selected plots with various tree species and different slopes were tested.First,four UWB base stations were arranged in each plot,and then the device carrying the UWB tag was used to sample the distance between each tree and each base station.The collected data were analyzed by MATLAB to investigate the impact of different weight values on positioning accuracy.The results show that the existence of an optimal weight value can reduce the average positioning error by 3.31cm.Compared with other quadrilateral positioning algorithms,the complexity is lower,and it is more suitable for tree positioning under non-line-of-sight situations such as dense foliage and complex landforms.