选取山东典型山地(泰山、蒙山和昆嵛山)的11个样方,研究火炬松群落和日本落叶松群落的生长和更新,从种群特征、群落组成和物种多样性3方面评价适应性。结果表明:火炬松群落的乔木、灌木和草本植物种类分别为15种、29种和27种,植株密度分别为(15.38±1.84)株/dam2、(51.50±13.00)株/dam2和(14.38±3.80)株/m2;日本落叶松群落的乔木、灌木和草本植物种类分别为26种、49种和49种,植株密度分别为(10.55±0.97)株/dam2,(37.07±7.99)株/dam2和(25.45±11.35)株/m2。火炬松群落中主要乔木火炬松种群为稳定型、栓皮栎种群为显著增长型、麻栎种群和赤松种群为增长型;日本落叶松群落中主要乔木日本落叶松种群、花楸种群和椴树种群为稳定型,栓皮栎种群为显著增长型。火炬松群落物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数为灌木层>草本层>乔木层,Simpson 多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;日本落叶松群落物种丰富度指数为灌木层>草本层>乔木层,Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和Simpson 多样性指数为灌木层>乔木层>草本层,Pielou均匀度指数为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。火炬松群落演替趋势为火炬松林→针阔混交林→麻栎林或栓皮栎林,日本落叶松群落演替趋势为日本落叶松林→针阔混交林→栓皮栎林或杂木林。
Eleven sample plots from major mountain areas,such as Taishan,Mengshan,and Kunyushan,were selected in Shandong Province to evaluate the growth and renewal of the communities of Pinus taeda and Larix kaempferi.The following three aspects were investigated to determine the adaptability of P.taeda and L.kaempferi in Shandong Province:the population characteristics,the community composition,and the species diversity.The results showed that the species numbers of trees,shrubs,and herbs were 15 species,29 species,and 27 species in the P.taeda community and 26 species,49 species,and 49 species in the L.kaempferi community,respectively.The plant densities of trees,shrubs,and herbs for the P.taeda community were(15.38±1.84)/dam2,(51.50±13.00)/dam2,(14.38±3.80)/m2,and for the L.kaempferi community were(10.55±0.97)/dam2,(37.07±7.99)/dam2,(25.45±11.35)/m2.In the P.taeda community,the population of the P.taeda was the stable type,the Quercus variabilis was the significant growth type,the Q.acutissima and the P.densiflora were the growth type.In the L.kaempferi community,the population of the L.kaempferi,Sorbus pohuashanensis,Tilia tuan were the stable type,and the Q.variabilis was the significant growth type.The richness indexes and Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of the P.taeda community were shrub>herb>tree,Simpson diversity indexes and Pielou evenness indexs were herb>shrub>tree.The richness indexes of the L.kaempferi community was shrub>herb>tree,Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes and Simpson diversity indexes were shrub>tree>herb,Pielou evenness indexs was herb>shrub>tree.The succession tendency of the P.taeda community was P.taeda forest→theropencedrymion→Q.variabilis forest or Q.acutissima forest,and the L.kaempferi community was L.kaempferi forest→theropencedrymion→Q.variabilis forest or mixed forest.
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