麋鹿是中国特有的、国家一级保护动物,是世界自然保护联盟IUCN红皮书野外灭绝物种。概述了我国麋鹿迁地保护种群的繁育现状、迁地保护取得的成绩,发现迁地保护存在遗传多样性贫乏、疾病影响严重、有效种群少、种群密度大、栖息地状况不佳、缺乏天敌,以及缺乏种群管理各环节的技术、标准及规范等问题。为了更好地保护我国这种失而复得的特有物种,提出了应进一步规范麋鹿保护模式,建立健全全国监测网络平台、迁地保护管理体系、健康监测技术及评估体系等,并建议实施全国统筹输出及基因交流管理,提高迁地保护场所目标种群的数量,扩大有效种群的建立,以及建立更多麋鹿自然保护区、制定狩猎制度及社区共管方案、发展生态旅游等。

Père David’s deer is the unique animal of China,is among the first class national protected animals,and is the Extinct in the Wild of IUCN.We analyzed the conservation population breeding status,achievements of Père David’s deer’s ex-situ conservation status in China.We found that the genetic diversity was poor,disease effecting was serious,effective population was small,population density was high,habitat condition was poor,natural enemies were less,technology,standards and specifications of the population management were of lack,etc.In order to better protect this endemic species in China,we should further standardize their conservation patterns,implement and perfect national management plan as a whole,establish ex-situ conservation and management system,health monitoring and evaluation system,etc.,and suggest that national output and gene exchange management should be carried out,the number of target population be increased to expand the establishment of effective population,more nature reserves be built,hunting system be set up community co-management plan formulated,development of ecological tourism of Père David’s deer boosted,etc.