以长江中游平原湖区人工林为研究对象,评价不同林分类型生态效益,为后续绿化造林提供理论依据。基于野外调查和室内试验,采用层次分析法,从乔木层生长量、枯落物层水文效益、草本层物种多样性、土壤层物理性质及养分含量等4个方面对立地条件基本一致、林龄接近的不同类型人工林进行生态效益评价。在不同人工林类型中,杨树林乔木层生长量指标较好,樟树林、池杉林的水源涵养能力较强,樟树林和竹柳林草本层物种多样性较高,苏柳林土壤物理性质优于其他林分,杨树林土壤养分含量较丰富。综合各方面的指标,经分析,杨树林、苏柳林的综合评价分值分别为0.72和0.67,以杨树林、苏柳林的生态效益最好。后续进行长江平原湖区造林绿化时,可结合实际情况开展混交林对比研究,适地适树,转变采伐方式,合理化造林密度。

The paper takes the artificial forests in the plain and lake area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river as the research object,and aims to evalmate the ecological benefits of different stand to provide theoretical basis for the afforestation in this area.Based on field investigation and laboratory experiment,this paper used analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the ecological benefits of different types of artificial forest in light of four aspects,including tree layer growth,litter layer hydrological benefits,herb layer biodiversity,and soil layer physical properties and nutrient contents.In respect of the growth of tree layer,populus×canadensis forest was better.The water resource conservation ability of cinnamomum camphora forest and taxodium ascendens forest were stronger than other forest types.The species diversity of herbaceous layer of cinnamomum camphora forest and salix sp.forest was better.The soil physical properties of salix jiangsuensis forest was superior to other forests,while the soil nutrient contents of populus×canadensis forest was richer than other forests. Based on the analysis,the ecological benefit of populus×canadensis forest and salix jiangsuensis forest was better as their comprehensive evaluation score was 0.72 and 0.67,respectively.A comparative study on mixed forests could be carried out along with afforestation in the region,with eftorts like matching trees with site condittions,changing cutting mode and adjusting planting dersity.