机械车辆在林地表面行走作业后,会破坏林地表层植被,对林地土壤造成压实并留下车辙。近年来,国内外专家和学者深入研究了机械作业压实对土壤的影响并取得了较多的成果。采用文献分析法简述了林业车辆作业对土壤理化性质、微生物、碳储量和温室气体排放等方面的影响,统计分析了20世纪末至今国内外相关研究所采用的实验条件、实验仪器与实验方法,并总结归纳了常用的实验设备与实验方案。分析表明:车辆作业造成的土壤压实使土壤容重增大、孔隙度减小、渗透率降低,并且土壤中的营养物质和化学元素含量均有不同程度的下降,由此提出今后应在土壤的不同质地和形态差异化方面以及土壤结构变异对车辆通过性影响等方面进行深入研究。

After mechanical vehicles run on woodlands,they will destroy the vegetation on the surface of the woodland,compact the soil and leave tracks.In recent years,domestic and foreign experts and scholars have thoroughly studied the impact of mechanical compaction on soil and have achieved many results.The literature analysis method is used to briefly describe the impact of forestry vehicle operations on physical and chemical properties of soil,microorganisms,carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions.The study statistically analyzes the experimental conditions,instruments and methods adopted by relevant research institutes at home and abroad from the end of the 20th century to the present.It summarizes the commonly used experimental equipment and programs.The analysis shows that the soil compaction caused by vehicle operation increases the soil bulk density,reduces the porosity and reduces the permeability.It also shows that the content of nutrients and chemical elements in the soil decreases to varying degrees.It proposes that in the future,an in-depth research should be carried out to study the different texture and morphological differentiation of soil and the influence of soil structure variation on vehicle passability.