降水和气温是两个最重要的气候因子,也是影响植被分布和变化的主要因子之一。以多年平均降水、气温、NDVI、积雪深度等数据为基础,基于生态功能区划,分析了北疆不同气候要素变化及其与NDVI的变化相关关系。结果表明:北疆大部分地区趋向于湿润化,特别是准噶尔盆地中心区,降雨变化趋势线的斜率介于1.15~1.42之间;局部高海拔山区年平均降水量呈明显减低趋势,降雨变化趋势线斜率最低到-0.209;北疆整体有暖化趋势,且气温增加幅度从高山到低地表现出明显梯度,其变化趋势线斜率从高山处的2.04降低为盆地处的-0.044。北疆NDVI与年平均降水、温度变化密切相关,表现出明显的功能区划差异,应重视加强生态功能区划水平上的植被建设与调控。

Precipitation and surface temperature are two most important climatic factors.They are also two main factors that affect the distribution and change of the vegetation.Based on the average annual precipitation,temperature,NDVI and snow depth data of many years,the changes in different climate factors and their correlation with NDVI were analyzed.The result shows that:most of the regions in north Xinjiang tend to be wetting,especially in the central area of the Junggar Basin,where the slope of the precipitation change is between 1.15 and 1.42;the annual average precipitation in the high altitude mountain area that only makes up 2% of the whole region decreases obviously,the sharpest decreasing slope of the precipitation change is -0.203;the overall temperature of north Xinjiang shows a warming trend,of which the slope of temperature increase shows a significantly gradient pattern from high mountains(2.04)to lowland(-0.044);NDVI is closely related to average annual rainfall and temperature variations.We should attach importance to strengthening the construction and management of vegetation on the scale of ecological function area.