桉树是巴西重要的人工造林树种。巴西政府采取了区划生态保护地、规范林木采伐审批、实行生态修复等主要生态保护政策,巴西林业企业的桉树人工林经营技术主要特点是经营规划设计全程化、种苗生产工厂化、营造林精准化、采伐作业机械化。重视依法开展生态保护、重视林业实用技术研发与应用、重视人工用材林机械化集约经营,是巴西发展桉树人工林的基本策略。巴西新一代人工林经营策略值得我国在森林经营与保护方面加以借鉴,提出了强化营造乡土树种、严格落实林业发展规划、加大森林经营机械化应用水平、强化采伐管理培训、科学开展矿区植被恢复等建议。

Eucalyptus is an important tree species for artificial afforestation in Brazil.The Brazilian government has adopted some major ecological protection policies,such as zoning ecological protection areas,standardizing forest cutting approval,and implementing ecological restoration.The main characteristics of the management technology of Eucalyptus plantation in Brazilian forestry enterprises are the whole-process of management planning and design,the industrialization of seedling production,the precision of silviculture,the harvesting mechanization.The basic strategies for developing Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are to pay attention to ecological protection according to law,to pay attention to research and application of forestry practical technology,and to pay attention to mechanized and intensive management of planted timber forests.The management strategy of Brazil's new generation plantation deserves to be used for reference in forest management and protection in China.This paper puts forward some suggestions,such as strengthening the construction of native tree species,strictly implementing the forestry development plan,increasing the application level of forest management mechanization,strengthening the training of forest-harvesting management,and scientifically developing the vegetation restoration in mining areas.